19-06-2014, 03:45 PM
EMBEDED SYSTEMS
EMBEDED SYSTEMS.docx (Size: 1.92 MB / Downloads: 19)
ABSTRACT
Industrial Process Control and Monitoring through GSM projects main idea is to provide solution for industries to remotely monitor parameters using GSM Network. This application will decrease cost factor for company.
In some industries proper maintenance of the controlling system or industrial devices is crucial to deliver an uninterrupted output. So to reduce the maintenance costs and to optimize critical monitoring system GSM Based Industrial Automation Technology is used.
For any application in the industries there are many parameters to be handled. In this project we are concentrating on temperature sensor. This sensor is fixed at specified location, for our application to be performed. The Sensor gathers the values and sends the information to the microcontroller continuously. The microcontroller receives the values and sends the corresponding values to the LCD to display. This is acyclic process which performs till our requirement is done. Whenever the temperature exceeds the set point the controller drives the fan ‘ON’ and if the Set-Point declines it drives the Heater ‘ON’. This process is automatic which depends on the Set-Point.
INTRODUCTION TO EMBEDDED SYSTEM
An embedded system is a special-purpose computer system designed to perform one or a few dedicated functions, sometimes with real-time computing constraints. It is usually embedded as part of a complete device including hardware and mechanical parts. In contrast, a general-purpose computer, such as a personal computer, can do many different tasks depending on programming. Embedded systems have become very important today as they control many of the common devices we use.
Since the embedded system is dedicated to specific tasks, design engineers can optimize it, reducing the size and cost of the product, or increasing the reliability and performance. Some embedded systems are mass-produced, benefiting from economies of scale
APPLICATIONS OF EMBEDDED SYSTEM
We are living in the Embedded World. You are surrounded with many embedded products and your daily life largely depends on the proper functioning of these gadgets. Television, Radio, CD player of your living room, Washing Machine or Microwave Oven in your kitchen, Card readers, Access Controllers, Palm devices of your work space enable you to do many of your tasks very effectively. Apart from all these, many controllers embedded in your car take care of car operations between the bumpers and most of the times you tend to ignore all these controllers
Communications applications
"Five-nines" availability, CompactPCI hot swap support, and hard real-time response—LynxOS delivers on these key requirements and more for today's carrier-class systems. Scalable kernel configurations, distributed computing capabilities, integrated communications stacks, and fault-management facilities make LynxOS the ideal choice for companies looking for a single operating system for all embedded telecommunications applications—from complex central controllers to simple line/trunk cards.
LynuxWorks Jumpstarts for Communications package enables OEMs to rapidly develop mission-critical communications equipment, with pre-integrated, state-of-the-art, data networking and porting software components—including source code for easy customization
MICROCONTROLLER VERSUS MICROPROCESSOR
What is the difference between a Microprocessor and Microcontroller? By microprocessor is meant the general purpose Microprocessors such as Intel's X86 family (8086, 80286, 80386, 80486, and the Pentium) or Motorola's 680X0 family (68000, 68010, 68020, 68030, 68040, etc). These microprocessors contain no RAM, no ROM, and no I/O ports on the chip itself. For this reason, they are commonly referred to as general-purpose Microprocessors
Asynchronous Serial Transmission
Asynchronous transmission allows data to be transmitted without the sender having to send a clock signal to the receiver. Instead, the sender and receiver must agree on timing parameters in advance and special bits are added to each word which are used to synchronize the sending and receiving units.
When a word is given to the UART for Asynchronous transmissions, a bit called the "Start Bit" is added to the beginning of each word that is to be transmitted. The Start Bit is used to alert the receiver that a word of data is about to be sent, and to force the clock in the receiver into synchronization with the clock in the transmitter. These two clocks must be accurate enough to not have the frequency drift by more than 10% during the transmission of the remaining bits in the word. (This requirement was set in the days of mechanical teleprinters and is easily met by modern electronic equipment.)
TRANSFORMER
A transformer consists of two coils also called as “WINDINGS” namely PRIMARY & SECONDARY.
They are linked together through inductively coupled electrical conductors also called as CORE. A changing current in the primary causes a change in the Magnetic Field in the core & this in turn induces an alternating voltage in the secondary coil. If load is applied to the secondary then an alternating current
Full wave rectifier
Half wave rectifier is quite simple but it is very inefficient, for greater efficiency we would like to use both the half cycles of the AC signal. This can be achieved by using a center tapped transformer i.e. we would have to double the size of secondary winding & provide connection to the center. So during the positive half cycle diode D1 conducts & D2 is in reverse biased condition. During the negative half cycle diode D2 conducts & D1 is reverse biased. Thus we get both the half cycles across the load.
One of the disadvantages of Full Wave Rectifier design is the necessity of using a center tapped
FILTER CAPACITOR
Even though half wave & full wave rectifier give DC output, none of them provides a constant output voltage. For this we require to smoothen the waveform received from the rectifier. This can be done by using a capacitor at the output of the rectifier this capacitor is also called as “FILTER CAPACITOR” or “SMOOTHING CAPACITOR” or “RESERVOIR CAPACITOR”. Even after using this capacitor a small amount of ripple will remain.
We place the Filter Capacitor at the output of the rectifier the capacitor will charge to the peak voltage during each half cycle then will discharge its stored energy slowly through the load while the rectified voltage drops to zero, thus trying to keep the voltage as constant as possible.
SPECIFIED TECHNOLOGY
Definitions
The words, “Mobile Station” (MS) or “Mobile Equipment” (ME) are used for mobile terminals
Supporting GSM services.
A call from a GSM mobile station to the PSTN is called a “mobile originated call” (MOC) or
“Outgoing call”, and a call from a fixed network to a GSM mobile station is called a “mobile
Terminated call” (MTC) or “incoming call
CONCLUSION
The project “REAL TIME INDUSTRIAL PROCESS CONTROL AND MONITORING USING GSM” has been successfully designed and tested. Integrating features of all the hardware components used have developed it. Presence of every module has been reasoned out and placed carefully thus contributing to the best working of the unit. Secondly, using highly advanced IC’s and with the help of growing technology the project has been successfully implemented