18-06-2013, 04:35 PM
ENERGY SAVING CONTROL SYSTEM APPLICATION IN LECTURE HALL
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ABSTRACT
Energy Saving Control System is created to reduce the power consumptions
in University Malaysia Pahang (UMP). This system is designed to control the
lighting system and air-conditioner. The quantity and the consumed of the lighting
system and air conditioner can cause a lot of electrical energy wasted everyday. We
all know sometimes lecturers or students forget to switch off the lighting system and
air-conditioner before leaving the room. This system can control 8 units of lightning
system and 6 unit of air conditioner.
This project uses the Passive Infrared Sensor (PIR sensor) to detect the body
heat and the movements of humans. The PIR sensor will give signal to hardware. The
hardware of this project is PIC18F4620 and RS232 communication module to
interface with Visual Basic (VB). When PIC get signal from the sensor, so lighting
system and air-conditioner will turn OFF automatically after a delay time off 10
minutes. Within 10 minutes time frames, if the sensor detects human movement or
heat in the area, the control system will reset its program not turn OFF the lighting
system or air-conditioner system.
INTRODUCTION
Overview
Nowadays, electricity is the one of the important energy in human life. The usage
of electricity in this world is increasing because we do not have the awareness of the
importance of electricity. This is the reason of the increasing cost of managing,
conserving and distributing. This problem also occurs in all university in Malaysia. The
level of electricity usage is high especially at the lecture halls. Students do not aware that
how important for them to reduce the cost of electricity. Thus, this energy saving project
will be created. From the previous case study, at the end of the lecture session, the
lighting system and air-conditioner are left on and unattended. Sometimes lecturers or
students forget to switch off the lighting system and air-conditioner. This will increase
the waste of electricity in University Malaysia Pahang (UMP). Based on this problem,
this energy saving project will be created using PIC microcontroller and Visual Basic
V.6 for interface.
Thesis Outlines
This thesis contains 5 chapter which is every chapter have its own purpose. After
viewing the entire chapter in this thesis hopefully viewer can understand the whole
system design for this project.
Chapter 1 describes the introduction of this project includes, the problem
statement of this project, the objective of the project, the scope of the project and the
outline of this thesis of every chapter.
Chapter 2 describes the literature review of this energy saving control system.
This chapter will explain the information about the article that related to the project
design. Besides that, this chapter will be important references to me when do the project.
This chapter also include the important information when do the research about the
project. The information got from several sources as website, books and others.
Case Study at DK13, UMP Lecture Halls
This energy control system is designed to practice it in University Malaysia
Pahang (UMP) lecture halls. With this control system, the uses of electricity will be
reduced. From the case study, showed that the higher of uses of electricity in UMP
because at the end of the lecture session, the lighting system and air-conditioner are left
on and unattended. Sometimes lecturers or students forget to switch off the lighting
system and air-conditioner. This will increase the waste of electricity in University
Malaysia Pahang (UMP). Figure 2.1 show the power consumption versus date in DK13,
UMP ‘s lecture hall [8].
Sensor
Sensor is a device that measures a physical quantity and converts it into a signal
which can be read by an observer or by an instrument. Sensors are used in everyday
objects such as touch-sensitive elevator buttons and lamps which dim or brighten by
touching the base. There are also innumerable applications for sensors of which most
people are never aware. Applications include cars, machines, aerospace, medicine,
manufacturing and robotics [10].
Because sensors are a type of transducer, they change one form of energy into
another. For this reason, sensors can be classified according to the type of energy
transfer that they detect. There are all types of sensor available for usage: thermal,
electromagnetic, mechanical, chemical, optical radiation, acoustic, motion, distance and
more.
A good sensor should be sensitive to the measured property, insensitive to any
other property and should not influence to the measured property [10].
Passive Infra-Red (PIR) Sensor
This energy saving control system includes hardware and software. Software that
be used is Visual Basic and programming in Microcontroller, PIC 18F4550. The sensor
is most the important element in this project.
In this project, the PIR sensor will be used to detect the human present in the
lecture halls. A Passive Infrared sensor (PIR sensor) is an electronic device which
measures infrared light radiating from objects in its field of view. Apparent motion is
detected when an infrared source with one temperature, such as a human, passes in front
of an infrared source with another temperature, such as a wall [2].