02-11-2016, 12:49 PM
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Introduction
Environment Impact Assessment (EIA) is to ensure that development is sustained with minimum environment degradation.
the formal process used to predict the environment consequences ( positive or negative ) of a plan , policy , program , or project prior to the decision to move forward with the proposed action.
The ministry of environment and forests has been assigned the responsibility for carrying out environment impact assessment of developmental projects
The developmental projects require to prepare an EIA statement covering the following points :-
Effects on land including land degradation.
Deforestation and compulsatory afforestation.
Air and water pollution including ground water pollution.
Noise pollution and migration.
Flora and Fauna leaves and loss of biological diversity.
Socio – economic impact including human displacement.
Cultural loss and Health aspects.
Risk analysis and Disaster Management.
Recycling and reduction of waste.
Efficient use of Inputs.
Purpose of EIA
The purpose of the assessment is to ensure that decision makers consider the environmental impacts when deciding whether or not to proceed with a project.
Important Purposes Of EIA:
1)To facilitate decision making
2)To aid in the formation of development
3) To be an instrument for sustainable development
Principles of EIA
Proactive planning and decision tool
Avoidance , Pre-emption and Prevention of Adverse Environmental Consequenses.
Making Positive Influence on Decision Making at the earliest possible opportunity and thinking Proactively about options and Alternatives.
Living Process through out the project Cycles.
Making EIA Recommendation Enforceable.
EIA Projects
Different projects are governed by different ministry under Indian government as follows-
Ministry of Industry and Mining , Irrigation and Power Projects .
Ministry of Transport and Communication.
EIA of any development projects is based upon the executive order issuing the provisions of environmental protection act, to ensure implementation of suggested safeguard. However, these procedures doesn’t cover private sector projects.
Procedures
The Ministry has developed guidelines for preparations of EIA statement along with questionaries and checklist for following :-
Industry and Mining
Thermal Power
River Valley
Rail , Road , Highway Projects
Ports and Harbours
Airport
Communication Projects
New Towns
Parameters for determining ecological fragility
The project authorities are requested to provide relevant information as indicated in guidelines along with EIA statement / Environment Management Plan (EMP) , a scrutiny of project proposal are made by technical staff of the Ministry.
After ensuring prima-facie assessement , it is placed before the Advisory Committee.
Advisory Committee discusses the impact of project with project authorities and if necessary , site visits are made for on-the spot assessment of environment aspects.
Based on their examination , the Appraisal Committee make their recommendation for approval or rejection of a particular project.
While recommending approval of a project the committee also suggests certain safeguards in specific cases.
Steps in EIA Process
Screening : (First stages of EIA , which – determines whether the proposed project, requires an EIA and if it does then the level of assesssement required.
Scoping : This stage- identifies the key issues and impacts that should be further investigated. This stage also defines the boundary and time limit of the study.
Base line data collection :– After approval of the terms of Reference, developer starts to collect the necessary baseline information to describe existing condns at the proposed project site.