21-08-2012, 05:00 PM
EXTRACTION OF PETROLEUM BY LATEST TECHNIQUES
EXTRACTION OF PETROLEUM.pptx (Size: 1.88 MB / Downloads: 123)
WHAT IS PETROLEUM?
Petroleum is derived from two Greek words ‘Petra’ which means Rock and ‘Oleum’ which means ‘Oil’.
It is also called Crude Oil
It’s a natural occurring flammable liquid consisting of a complex mixture of hydrocarbons of various molecular weights.
It occurs in the form of fossil fuels when large quantities of dead organisms, usually zooplankton and algae, are buried underneath sedimentary rock and undergo intense heat and pressure.
LOCATING THE OIL FIELD
Geologists use seismic surveys to search for geological structures that may form oil reservoirs.
The "classic" method includes making an underground explosion nearby and observing the seismic response
This provides information about the geological structures under the ground.
The Latest method being used is the detection of oil through Seismic Survey Vessel.
DRILLING
The oil well is created by drilling a hole into the earth
A steel pipe (casing) is placed in the hole, to provide structural integrity to the newly drilled wellbore.
Holes are then made in the base of the well to enable oil to pass into the bore
Finally a collection of valves is fitted to the top, the valves regulating pressures and controlling flows.
SECONDARY RECOVERY
After natural reservoir drive diminishes, secondary recovery methods are applied.
External energy is supplied into the reservoir in the form of injecting fluids to increase reservoir pressure.
Injecting fluid used can be CO2 or any other low density gas.
Recovery factor during the primary recovery stage is about 30%.
TERTIARY RECOVERY
This type of method is used where oil is thicker and heavier than normal crude oil.
Steam is injected into the oil reservoir to increase its mobility and thus reducing viscosity
This method is also called Thermally Enhanced Oil Recovery method (TEOR).
Recovery Rate is 5-15%