12-11-2012, 06:19 PM
Economical and non-pollute system for artificial rainmaking by laser
pulse in a way of natural phenomena
Economical and non-pollute system.pdf (Size: 780.37 KB / Downloads: 75)
Abstract
It is well known that after lightning; the precipitation formed and heavy rain occurs due to dissociation, ionization and natural
seeding process by lightning phenomena in the atmosphere. It is shown in this paper; these natural phenomena will be used for
artificial rain making by laser pulse in the atmosphere. As per our calculations, 2.2 x 1019gm of water drops are formed in the
atmosphere by laser pulse energy 500 mJ; it is very cheap. These systems are economical, non-polluted and trigger only natural
process for artificial rainmaking, which will be also used as extra fertilizer for crops. No doubt, it is most useful for human
being. In our system, laser pulse creates high temperature up to 3000oC at high temperature, and bonds of major species of N2
and O2 break out into excite [N] and excite [O]. These excited atoms are very unstable and immediately react to form NO and
O3. These reaction are endothermic and absorbs a large amount of heat from surrounding atmospheric clouds where the
condensation take place (condensation is the basic needs for formation of water drops). Simultaneously N2 and O2 will be
ionized to form N2
+; O2
+ and O2
-. These precursor ions will undergo several reactions and become big-clustered ions. These big
ions will act as seed, which will lead to precipitation and rain. Low temperature created by dissociation will further help grow
bigger ions fast as produce CCN (cloud condensation nuclei) to form water drops occur rainfall. These rain drops act as natural
seeding process due to flow of air in the upper atmosphere to formed another sets of raindrops, result into more rainfall. These
natural phenomena proved by theoretically and practically in laboratory scale. Now experimental work is necessary to
determine the characteristics of laser system and atmospheric parameters to be use for actual artificial rainmaking in the
atmosphere.
Introduction
Rain plays a great role in national economy by
influencing the agriculture yield. Nevertheless, rain is a
natural phenomenon and it does not fall as and when
man needs it and hence, man has been trying to create
artificial rain for the past many years. At present, the
process, which is used for creating artificial rain, is
seeding. In this process, chemicals such as silver iodide,
calcium chloride or sodium chloride are used as seeds.
They are spread from the aircraft in the cloud region.
Nucleation starts on these chemicals, which lead to the
precipitation and then rain. This process has been tried
in South Africa, Thailand, Japan, Mexico, Brazil and
some parts of India. However, this process, on most of
the occasion fails. Besides, it is harmful to humankind
because it brings harmful chemicals on earth along with
the rain. It is, also, expensive. In this paper, we propose
a laser system to produce artificial rain. Our system has
advantages over the seeding process that it does not
pollute the environment; it is a onetime investment and
is less expensive. In addition, it can be targeted to even
warm white clouds, which are not rainy (in seeding
process only black rainy clouds are targeted).
Literature Survey
Our theory is analogous to what happens after
lightning. On several occasions, it has been found that
precipitation follows lightning. After precipitation there
may be or may not be heavy rains. In addition, it is not
necessary that always lightning will precede rain, as
during monsoon period when rain falls as shower. This
is due to the supper saturation process. However, it has
been observed that if it rains after lightning, it is a heavy
rain.
Golde (1977) from a number of radar observations
has reported that intense precipitation is not even
present in the clouds before the first discharge but it
develops abruptly in the same region after discharge
from which the lightning flashes originate. Battan
(1981) has observed very rapid growth of precipitation
particles/ice crystals caused by electrical forces
following a lightning discharge. In many cases, the onset
of strong electrification follows the appearance of
heavy precipitation within the cloud in the form of
hailstones (Wallance and Hobbs, 1977). The correlation
between lightning and precipitation is as follows: heavy
gushes of rain or hail often reach the ground in 2-3 min.
Results and Discussion
Rainmaking Phenomena
An experiment was done in the laboratory in which
electrical spark was produced in a glass chamber to act
as artificial lightning (Flow chart.1). Formation of water
droplets was seen on the walls of the glass chamber.
The details of this experiment and results have been
described in Chopkar and Chakrabarty (2008). This
experiment shows that water droplets are formed by
condensation, which is due to endothermic reactions
associated with artificial lightning created in the glass
chamber by electrical spark. Carls and Brock (1987) did
an experiment in which atmosphere was heated by a
laser pulse up to 1600 to 2400 K. They observed water
droplet formation in the atmosphere. They postulated
that water droplets were formed by ionization process.
This is partly true because they did not consider
dissociation and the occurrence of endothermic
reactions, which are responsible for cooling and capable
of CCN formation. Braun et al. (1995) have shown that
high-power laser pulses, which produce self-guided
ionization filaments (a low resistance conducting path)
in air, also produces water droplets as a side effect. A
group consisting of French and German scientists has
been doing research with laser to alleviate damage
caused by lightning to persons and property for a long
High-energy plasma laser pulse creates high temperature in a fraction of a second
period of time (Kasparian et al., 2003; Mejean et al.,
2006). Their laser produces a bundle of ionization
filaments which triggers and guides high voltage
lightning to discharge to a desired spot. They did the
experiment in a fog chamber.