17-08-2012, 12:08 PM
Eye Movement-Based Interaction
Eye Movement-Based Interaction.ppt (Size: 2.22 MB / Downloads: 22)
Eye Movement-Based Interaction
Eye on/in the interface (2)
Problems and research issues: Technological/HCI issues (2)
Processing the eye movement data (5)
Eye as a control device (2)
Command based gaze interaction (9)
Noncommand gaze interaction (3)
References
Project ideas
Eye on/in the interface
Need for keeping the hands free (or the hands can not be used for other reasons)
Increasing number of computer users suffer from RSI (repetitive stress injury)
Eye movements are natural, little conscious effort
Direction of gaze implicitly indicates the focus of attention
Problems and Research Issues
1) Technological issues
Usability of the hardware
head mounted systems more reliable but somewhat awkward
floor mounted more comfortable but more constrained
Accuracy - need of calibration
for every user at the beginning of a task
also during the task
Costs of eye tracking (equipment)
Problems and Research Issues
2) HCI issues
Need to design and study new interaction techniques
Eyes are a perceptual device, not evolved to a control organ
people are not used to operate things by simply looking at them - if poorly done it could be very annoying
Noisy data - need to refine in order to get useful dialogue information (fixations, input tokens, intentions)
accuracy restricted by biological characteristics of the eye
Processing the EM data (4/5)Input tokens
[Siebert00]
The fixations are then turned into input tokens
start of fixation
continuation of fixation (every 50 ms)
end of fixation
failure to locate eye position
entering monitored regions
The tokens formulate eye events
are multiplexed into the event queue stream with other input events
The eye events also carry information of the fixated screen object (using nearest neighbor approach)
Processing the EM data Deducing user’s intentions
Objective
to refine the data further on for recognizing the user’s intentions
to implement a higher level programming interface for gaze aware applications
Eye Interpretation Engine, objective to identify such behaviors as [Edwards98]
the user is reading
just “looking around”
starts and stops searching for an object (e.g. a button)
wants to select an object
Eye as a control device
Gaze behavior very different from other devices used for controlling computer (hand, voice, feet)
intentional control of eyes is difficult and stressful, the gaze is easily driven by external events
precise control of eyes difficult
“Midas touch” problem
Most of the time the eyes are used for obtaining information with no intent to initiate commands
Users are easily afraid of looking at the “eye active” objects or areas of the window