18-01-2013, 04:34 PM
FABRICATION OF COCONUT TREE SPRAYER
1FABRICATION OF COCONUT.doc (Size: 176 KB / Downloads: 156)
INTRODUCTION
Agriculture was developed at least 10,000 years ago, and it has undergone significant developments since the time of the earliest cultivation. Evidence points to the Fertile Crescent of the Middle East as the site of the earliest planned sowing and harvesting of plants that had previously been gathered in the wild. Independent development of agriculture is also believed to have occurred in northern and southern China, Africa's Sahel, New Guinea and several regions of the Americas. Agricultural practices such as irrigation, crop rotation, fertilizers, and pesticides were developed long ago but have made great strides in the past century. The Haber-Bosch method for synthesizing ammonium nitrate represented a major breakthrough and allowed crop yields to overcome previous constraints. In the past century, agriculture has been characterized by enhanced productivity, the substitution of human labor for synthetic fertilizers and pesticides, selective breeding, and mechanization. The recent history of agriculture has been closely tied with a range of political issues including water pollution, biofuels, Genetically modified organisms, tariffs, and farm subsidies. In recent years, there has been a backlash against the external environmental effects of mechanized agriculture, and increasing support for the organic movement and Sustainable agriculture.
AGRICULTURE:
Agriculture refers to the production of goods through the growing of plants and fungi and the raising of domesticated animals. The study of agriculture is known as agricultural science. The related practice of gardening is studied in horticulture. The word agriculture is the English adaptation of Latin agricultūra, from ager, "a field", and cultūra, "cultivation" in the strict sense of "tillage of the soil". Thus, a literal reading of the word yields "tillage of a field / of fields".
Agriculture encompasses a wide variety of specialties. Cultivation of crops on arable land and the pastoral herding of livestock on rangeland remain at the foundation of agriculture. In the past century a distinction has been made between sustainable agriculture and intensive farming. Modern agronomy, plant breeding, pesticides and fertilizers, and technological improvements have sharply increased yields from cultivation. Selective breeding and modern practices in animal husbandry such as intensive pigs farming (and similar practices applied to the chicken) have similarly increased the output of meat. The more exotic varieties of agriculture include aquaculture and tree farming.
DESCRIPTION OF EQUIPMENTS
PUMP
A pump is a device used to move gases, liquids or slurries. A pump moves liquids or gases from lower pressure to higher pressure, and overcomes this difference in pressure by adding energy to the system such as a water system. A gas pump is generally called a compressor, except in very low pressure-rise applications, such as in heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning, where the operative equipment consists of fans or blowers.
Pumps work by using mechanical forces to push the material, either by physically lifting, or by the force of compression. Hand-operated, reciprocating, positive displacement, water pump. A positive displacement pump causes a liquid or gas to move by trapping a fixed amount of fluid or gas and then forcing displacing that trapped volume into the discharge pipe. They are relatively inexpensive, and are used extensively for pumping water out of bunds, or pumping low volumes of reactants out of storage drums.
Hand operated pumps are considered the most sustainable low cost option for safe water supply in resource settings, A hand pump opens access to deeper groundwater that is often not polluted and also improves the safety of a well by protecting the water source from contaminated buckets. This means that communities are often stuck without spares and cannot use their hand pump anymore and have to go back to traditional and sometimes distant, polluted resources. This is unfortunate, as water projects often have put in a lot of resources to provide that community with a hand pump.
LIQUID TANK
The liquid tank is one of the part of this equipment. The liquid tank is used to store the liquid or pesticide on it.
SPRAYER
Sprayer is a device used to spray the liquid and pesticide in the field. The sprayer is mounted top of this equipment.
WORKING PRINCIPLE
This project is constructed with the above mentioned parts. In a hand operated vehicle a water tank is fixed on the given area as shown in the figure. Above this tank a pump is placed for the purpose of pumping water from the tank. This pumping operation is done by the linkage with cam arrangement. A rod is connected to the cam arrangement. The other end of the rod is connected to the slider which is connected to the pump lever. This cam arrangement is fixed to the driven sprocket of the chain drive. The driving sprocket is connected to the wheel shaft of the vehicle. This cam is actuated with the help of the chain drive. When the vehicle moves the wheel starts to rotate and the chain drive also functions. By the above process the cam is actuated and this leads to the slider’s reciprocating motion. Due to this operation the pump lever starts to actuate and hence the water is pumped and stays in the outlet tube. When the spray nozzle is pressed the stored water is sprayed out with high pressure. Thus the water or pesticide is sprayed wherever required.
CONCLUSION
The project carried out by us made an impressing task in the field of agricultural. It is very useful to the farmers for spraying the fertilizers, medicine etc..,
This project will reduce the cost involved in the concern. Project has been designed to perform the entire requirement task at the shortest time available.