15-10-2012, 12:16 PM
FIBRE TO FABRIC
FIBRE.ppt (Size: 3.62 MB / Downloads: 793)
Animal fibres :-
The common animal fibres are wool and silk.
Wool is obtained from sheep, goat, yak, camel, llama, alpaca etc.
Silk is obtained from silk worm.
Wool :-
Wool is obtained from the fleece (hair ) of sheep, goat, camel, yak, llama, alpaca and other animals.
These animals have a thick coat of hair on their bodies because the hair traps air and air is a poor conductor of heat. So the hair keeps their body warm.
The most common wool is sheep wool.
Yak wool is common in Tibet and Ladakh.
The wool obtained from Angora goats of Jammu Kashmir
is soft wool used for making shawls.
Camel hair is also used as wool.
Llama and Alpaca found in South America also yield
wool.
From fibres to wool :-
For obtaining wool sheep are reared and then their hair is cut and processed into wool.
a) Rearing and breeding of sheep :-
Sheep are reared in many parts our country like Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Uttaracnhal, Sikkim, Arunachal Pradesh, Haryana, Punjab, Rajasthan, Gujarat etc.
Sheep feed on grass and leaves. They are also fed with a mixture of pulses, corn, jowar, oilcakes and minerals.
In winter sheep are kept indoors and fed on leaves, grain and dry fodder.
Some breeds of sheep have thick hair on their body which yield good quality wool in large quantities. They are selectively bred to get sheep of good breed.
b) Processing fibres into wool :-
The processing of fibres into wool is done in six steps :-
i) The fleece (hair) of the sheep is removed from its body
along with a thin layer of skin by using machines. This
process is called shearing.
ii) The sheared skin with hair is washed in tanks to remove
grease, dust and dirt. This process is called scouring.
iii) The hairy skin is sent to a factory where hairs of
different textures are separated. This process is called
sorting.
iv) The small fluffy fibres called burrs are separated from
the hairs and again washed and dried.
v) The fibres are then dyed in different colours.
vi) The fibres are then straightened, combed and rolled into
yarn. They are then spun and woven into fabric.