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INTRODUCTION
This project is designed for electronic voting machine by using the fingerprint identification
method.
• Here voter’s thumb impressions are used for identification.
• During voting when the voter places his/her thumb on the scanner, the system will check
whether it matches with pre stored impressions in the database.
• If it matches then system will allow the voter to poll his vote and otherwise prevent the voter
from polling
WHAT IS MEANT BY VOTING?
The objective of voting is to allow voters to exercise their right to express their
choices regarding specific issues.
• In a democracy, a government is chosen by voting in an election, a way for an
electorate to elect, i.e. choose, among several candidates for rule.
TOOLS IMPLEMENTED FOR
VOTING.
Technology is being used more and more as a tool to assist voters to cast their votes.
• The two types of systems implemented for voting are:
1. Ballot box.
2. Electronic Voting Machine(EVM).
BALLOT BOX
First ballot box was held in Pontefract on 15 August 1872.
• A ballot box is a temporarily sealed container, usually square box with a narrow slot
in the top sufficient to accept a ballot paper in an election.
ELECTRONIC VOTING
MACHINE(EVM)
• EVMs were first used in the by-election to north paravur assembly constituency of
kerala in 1981.
• EVM consists of two parts:
i) Balloting unit and Controlling unit.
ii) EVM reduce the time in both casting and declaring of results compared to ballot
ADVANTAGES OF EVM
• Ballot box systems are prone to human errors and lot of time consuming.
• EVM is human error free and time saver.
• Provide multiple languages to users who may not have English as a first language.
• EVM can provide headphones to read off instructions to the blind user.
DISADVANTAGES OF EVM
• EVM are no different than websites or software; they can be penetrated and altered
by a hacker.
• Overall cost is high, physical tampering could be possible.
• Computer software and systems can have problems that may delay or even halt
voting.
FINGER PRINT VOTING MACHINE
• Knowing the disadvantages in the previous methods the biometric method of voting
is being implemented i.e., finger print based voting machine.
• Here the voter has no need to carry his ID which contains entire details.
• Instead the person has to show his finger at the polling booth
• The finger print reader reads the details from the finger print and passed to
corresponding controller.
• If the data matches with the already stored information, the person is allowed to vote.
ADVANTAGES OF USING
FINGERPRINT AS ID
• Prevents unauthorized use or access.
• Adds a higher level of security to an identification process
• Eliminates the burden and bulk of carrying id cards or remembering pins.
• Heightens overall confidence of business processes dependent on personal
identification.
COMPONENTS
The FPBVM uses the following components:-
1) Microcontroller-AT89C52
2) Fingerprint module-R305
3) EEPROM(24C08A)
4) LCD display.
5) Keypad
6) MAX 232
7) Resistors
8) Capacitors
9) Crystal oscillator
MICRO CONTROLLER-AT89C52
One of the major differences between a microprocessor and microcontroller is that a
controller deals with bits not bytes in the real world application.
• Microcontroller has in-built memory whereas microprocessor has to go for external
memory such as RAM,ROM,EPROM.
• Development of a microcontroller reduces PCB size and cost of design.
FEATURES OF AT89C52
The AT89C52 is a low-power, high-performance CMOS 8-bit microcontroller.
• Flash memory of 8KB.
• Endurance-10,000 write/erase cycles.
• 4V to 5.5V operating range
• Fully static operation: 0Hz to 33MHz
• 256x8 bit internal RAM
• 32 programmable I/O lines
• Three 16-bit timer/counters
• Eight interrupt sources
• Full duplex UART serial channel
• Low power idle and power-down modes
• Fast programming time
FINGER PRINT MODULE-R305
• The fingerprint scanner used here is NITGEN company based which is the leading
manufacturer of FIM(Finger identification Module)
• The methodology involves of storing the fingerprint images as database and during
voting the input image is matched using the database
FEATURES
Integrated image collecting and algorithm chip together
• Low power consumption, low cost, small size, excellent performance
• Professional optical technology, precise module manufacturing techniques
• Good image processing capabilities, can capture up to resolution 500 dpi(dots per
inch).
SPECIFICATIONS
Fingerprint sensor type: optical
• Interface: USB 1.1/UART(TTL logical level)
• Image capture surface 15-18(mm)
• Verification speed: 0.3 sec
• Scanning speed: 0.5 sec
• Character file size: 256 bytes
• Template size: 512 bytes
• False acceptance rate:0.0001%
• False rejection rate:0.1%
• Matching method:1:N
• Temperature:- 20 to 45 c