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Finland is a Nordic country situated in Northern Europe. It borders with Sweden to the west, north of Norway and Russia to the east, while Estonia lies to the south, across the Gulf Finlandei.Finlanda occupy a territory of 338 432 km² and has a population of about 5.4 million people, mostly concentrated in the sudice.Capitala Finland is Helsinki. About one million people live in the Helsinki Metropolitan Area and one third of GDP is produced acolo.Limbile Finnish and Swedish are official and the official currency is the euro
Features relief
Much of Finland's geography is explained by the Ice Age. Thick glaciers were larger and lasted longer in Finoscandia compared to the rest of Europe. Erosion have left them flat landscape, with very few hills and fewer mountains. The highest peak, at 1,324 m weightlifting, is in the far north of Lapland, on the border with Norway. The highest peak located entirely in Finland is Ridnitsohkka with 1,316 m. Glaciers retreat has left the country with many moraine deposits in type esker formations. These are increases of sand and gravel layers where they were in the past the edges of glaciers pressed under the enormous weight of glaciers, the land Finland is lifting the recurrence post-glacial effect is most pronounced around the Gulf of Bothnia, where the land is in the process of elevation at a rate of about 1 cm per year. As a result, the former bottom of the sea turns gradually into dry land: the country's surface increases by about 7 km² annual effect is most pronounced around the Gulf of Bothnia, where the land is in the process of raising a rate of about 1 cm per year. As a result, the former sea bottom gradually turns into dry land: the land area increases by about 7 square kilometers annually landscape is predominantly (75% of the surface) covered taiga coniferous, with very little arable land. The most common type of rock is granite, ubiquitous in the landscape, visible in clearings without soil. Moraines and tillulsunt most common types of soil, covered by a thin layer of humus home biologică.Dezvoltarea podsol profile observed in most forest soils without drainage.
features hydroclimatic
Finland has numerous lakes, which gave her the nickname of "the land of a thousand lakes". In reality, the number is much higher lakes a thousand, more precisely 187 888 lakes with an area exceeding 500 m²) and 179.584 of insule.Cel largest lake, Saimaa, is the fourth largest lake in Europe. The area with the highest density of lakes called the Finnish lake region. Most islands are located in the southwest. Because Finland is situated above the parallel 60 summer days are long and cold, and winter days are short and cold. Because it is near the sea, in the southern part it is a moderate climate. Average temperatures recorded in July are around 16oC, and in February around -9oC.Zapada for 4-5 months covering territory in the south and in the northern 7-8 months.
Bio-pedo-geographical features
74% of Finland's territory is covered by forest, composed mainly of pine, spruce and pine predominant, and in the southern meet and poplars, alders, maples and elms. In Finland there are about 1,200 species of plants and ferns and 1,000 varieties of lichens.
Among animals are: bears, wolves, lynx and polar foxes. Wild geese, swans, snow bird nest in northern Finland. The species of freshwater fish include bass, salmon, carp and pike and saltwater meet Ditrău species cod, herring and batoc. Seals are found along the coast.