15-12-2012, 06:50 PM
Foundation Design of Al-Maslamani Mall
1Foundation Design.ppt (Size: 4.43 MB / Downloads: 82)
Abstract
Our project is about ( Foundation Design of Al-Maslamani Mall) which is located in the village of Beit Eba – Nablus governorate.
The total plan area of this mall is about 3500 m2
The number of stories is 6; 4 stories above the ground surface & 2 stories are below the ground surface.
Literature Review
Site Investigation is the first important step in any engineering work ; to determine type & depth of foundations , to evaluate bearing capacity , to identify construction methods & for many things…
Foundations are the part of an engineered system to receive & transmit loads from superstructure to the underlying soil or rock .
There are two types of foundations : shallow & deep foundations.
Many factors should be taken into consideration in choosing foundation types such as soil properties , economic factors, engineering practice, ..etc
Isolated Footings
Are used to support single columns.
This is one of the most economical types of footings and is used when columns are spaced at relatively long distances.
Its function is to spread the column load to the soil , so that the stress intensity is reduced .
Mat or Raft Foundations
are used to spread the load from a structure over a large area, normally the entire are of the structure .
They often needed on soft or loose soils with low bearing capacity as they can spread the loads over a larger area.
They have the advantage of reducing differential settlements.
Pile Foundations
They are long & slender members that are used to carry & transfer the load of the structure to deeper soil or rocks of high bearing capacity, when the upper soil layer are too weak to support the loads from the structure.
Piles costs more than shallow foundations; so the geotechnical engineer should know in depth the properties & conditions of the soil to decide whether piles are needed or not.
Bearing Capacity & Settlement
Bearing Capacity : is the ability of a soil to support the loads applied to the ground . Ultimate bearing capacity is the theoretical maximum pressure which can be supported without failure; Allowable bearing capacity is the ultimate bearing capacity qu divided by a factor of safety (F.S).
There are three modes of failure that limit bearing capacity: general shear failure, local shear failure, and punching shear failure
Any structure built on soil is subject to settlement. Some settlement is inevitable, & depending on the situation, some settlements are tolerable.
When building structures on top of soils, one needs to have some knowledge of how settlement occurs & how fast settlement will occur in a given situation.