12-12-2012, 04:13 PM
Green Technology
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ABSTRACT
Green technology or clean technology of environment technology is the one or more environmental science, green chemistry, environmental monitoring and electronic device to monitor, model and conserve the natural environment and resources and to curb the negative impacts of human involvement. With the increase in the usage of energy and its demand, the emission of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere are also rising rapidly and these gases are accumulating the upper layer of the atmosphere and thus it leads to the rise in temperature every year. Concerns about the greenhouse effect and global warming, air pollution, and energy security have led to increasing interest and more development in renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, geothermal, wave power and hydrogen. India also has to face the challenge of rising greenhouse gas emissions. With only 2.4% of world’s land area, it accounts for 7-8% of the recorded species of the world. India is the 7th largest country in the world with a total geographical area of 3,287,263 million hectare (Mha) of which 146.82 Mha. Is degraded land.
Environmental protection has become a major energy policy issue and prompted the development of green-energy technologies for sustainable future because of the current energy crisis, global warming and climate change, balanced development of energy security and economic growth etc. in addition, the world is now faced with new challenges, such as the global financial crisis and threats to food security, to name but a few. Climate change is aggravating the existing problems. Multilateral environmental agreements play a significant role in promoting green economic activity. For example, the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and Kyoto Protocol are among the most significant factors to drive the transition to a low carbon and green economy, I.e., through the clean development mechanisms and emissions trading requirements. India has undertaken numerous response measures that are contributing to the objectives of the UNFCCC.
India’s development plans balance economic development and environmental concerns. The planning process is guided by the principles of sustainable development. Reforms in the energy and power sector have accelerated economic growth and enhance the efficiency of energy use. The Ministry of Environment and Forests is the nodal agency for climate change issues in India. It has constituted Working Groups on the UNFCCC and Kyoto Protocol. Work is currently in progress on India’s initial National Communication (NATCOM) to the UNFCCC. A total budget outlay of 12,000 crores has been allocated for different schemes (with 20% increase) for the 12th Five Year Plan (2012-13 to 2016-17) by the ministry. India ranks 5th in aggregate GHG emissions in the world, behind USA, China, EU and Russia. Interestingly, the emissions of USA and China are almost 4 times that of India. It is also noteworthy that the emissions intensity of India’s GDP declined by more than 30% during the period 1994-2007, due to the efforts and policies of government of India.
Several research organizations and academic institutions in the country are also engaged in research on climate change impacts. Indian scientists contribute in national and international climate change efforts such as IIOE (International Indian Ocean Expedition), MONEX (Monsoon Experiment), INDOEX (Indian Ocean Experiment), World Climate Research Programme Global observing System, and International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme to name a few. Green technology, Multilateral Environmental Agreements (MEAs) and climate change will require specialization and a holistic policy formulation by the strengthened climate change division.