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Abstract:
Haptic technology, or haptics, is a tactile feedback technology which takes advantage of a user's sense of touch by applying forces, vibrations, and/or motions upon the user. This mechanical stimulation may be used to assist in the creation of virtual objects (objects existing only in a computer simulation), for control of such virtual objects, and for the enhancement of the remote control of machines and devices. It has been described as “for the sense of touch what computer graphics does for vision". Although haptic devices are capable of measuring bulk or reactive forces that are applied by the user, it should not be confused with touch or tactile sensors that measure the pressure or force exerted by the user to the interface.
Keywords: Tactile, Virtual Objects Creation and Control, Sense of touch, Haptic Rendering, Haptic Perception.
I. INTRODUCTION:
“Haptic”, is the term derived from the Greek word, “haptesthai”, which means ‘sense of touch’. Haptic is defined as the “science of applying tactile sensation to human interaction with computers”. Haptic permits users to sense (“feel”) and manipulate three-dimensional virtual objects with respect to such features as shape, weight, surface textures, and temperature.
By using Haptic devices, the user can not only feed information to the computer but can receive information from the computer in the form of a felt sensation on some part of the body. This is referred to as a Haptic interface [1].
In our paper we explain the basic concepts of ‘Haptic Technology and its Application in Surgical Simulation and Medical Training’. PHANTOM is small robot arm with three
revolute joints each connected to a computer-controlled electric DC motor.
Cyber Grasp is used in conjunction with a position tracker to measure the position and orientation of the fore arm in three-dimensional space. Phantom and Cyber Grasp are Hapic devices [4].
II. LITERATURE REVIEW:
Force feedback is the area of haptics that deals with devices that interact with the muscles and
Tendons that give the human a sensation of a force being applied with hardware and software that stimulates humans’ sense of touch and feel through tactile vibrations or force feedback.
These devices mainly consist of robotic manipulators that push back against a user with the forces that correspond to the environment that the virtual effector’s is in.
Tactile feedback makes use of devices that interact with the nerve endings in the skin to indicate heat, pressure, and texture.
These devices typically have been used to indicate whether or not the user is in contact with a virtual object. Other tactile feedback devices have been used to stimulate the texture of a virtual object.
Human Senses:
Typically, it is believed that vision and audition convey the most information about an environment while the other senses are more subtle. Because of this, their characteristics have been widely investigated over the last few decades by scientists and engineers, which has led to development of reliable multimedia systems and environments