13-02-2013, 12:29 PM
HIGHWAY TURBINE SYSTEM
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INTRODUCTION
Today the world runs on a platform of energy sources that will not be available forever. That's why it's important to understand and find ways to create energy from sources that are free and constant. Just one way of doing this is by harnessing the energy of the wind and converting it into electricity. This is the basic principle on which windmills work. Probably most familiar are the windmills of Holland, which are massive and dot the landscape in large clumps of sometimes hundreds. Windmills are able to use the wind, which is a constant source of natural energy, to create electricity that can power homes and cities, depending on how many there are and how big they are.
LITERATURE SURVEY
Wind energy
Distribution of wind speed
The strength of wind varies, and an average value for a given location does not alone indicate the amount of energy a wind turbine could produce there. To assess the frequency of wind speeds at a particular location, a probability distribution function is often fit to the observed data. Different locations will have different wind speed distributions. The Weibull model closely mirrors the actual distribution of hourly wind speeds at many locations. The Weibull factor is often close to 2 and therefore a Rayleigh distribution can be used as a less accurate, but simpler model.
Because so much power is generated by higher wind speed, much of the energy comes in short bursts. The 2002 Lee Ranch sample is telling; half of the energy available arrived in just 15% of the operating time. The consequence is that wind energy from a particular turbine or wind farm does not have as consistent an output as fuel-fired power plants.
How Turbines Work
The wind imposes two driving forces on the blades of a turbine; lift and drag. A force is produced when the wind on the leeward side of the airfoil must travel a greater distance than that on the windward side. The wind traveling on the windward side must travel at a greater speed than the wind traveling along the leeward side. This difference in velocity
creates a pressure differential. On the leeward side, a low-pressure area is created, pulling the airfoil in that direction. This is known as the Bernoulli’s Principle. Lift and drag are the components of this force vector perpendicular to and parallel to the apparent or relative wind, respectively. By increasing the angle of attack, as shown in figure 1.2, the
distance that the leeward air travels is increased. This increases the velocity of the leeward air and subsequently the lift.
MAIN SHAFT OR ROTOR
The main shaft of a wind turbine is usually forged from hardened and
tempered steel. Hardening and tempering is a result of forging the axle after it has been heated until it is white-hot at about 1000 degrees centigrade. By hammering or rolling the blank is formed with an integral flange, to which the hub is later bolted. The shaft is reheated a final time to a glowing red, following the forging process, and then plunged into a basin of oil or water. This treatment gives a very
hard, but at the same time rather brittle surface. Therefore the axle is once again reheated to about 500 degrees centigrade, tempering the metal and thereby enabling the metal to regain some of its former strength.
CONCLUSION
The progress in science & technology is a non-stop process. New things and new technology are being invented. As the technology grows day by day, we can imagine about the future in which thing we may occupy every place.
The proposed system based on wind energy is found to be more compact, user friendly and less complex,. due to the availability of continuous wind power.
The principle of the development of science is that “nothing is impossible”. So we shall look forward to a bright & sophisticated world.