10-11-2012, 02:09 PM
HYBRID POWER
Hybrid_Power_Full_Seminar_Report.docx (Size: 2.08 MB / Downloads: 53)
INTRODUCTION
Energy is a requirement that is endlessly and exhaustingly utilized the world over. With the increase in the rate of various developmental activities around the world the energy being consumed is also increasing with the result that conventional energy resources are fast getting depleted and even hydel reserves are proving less than sufficient to satisfy the growing energy demand. As a result consumers around the world have to bear the brunt of increasing power cuts and power costs. Hence for the future power independence is fast becoming a vital requirement. The concept design therefore formulates a system which provides internally generated energy for homes and also integrates a sub system into the household such that the dependence on the electricity board is eliminated.
HYBRID GENERATING UNIT
The generating unit for the proposed design utilizes a hybrid power source as a means of powering the household loads. The hybrid power source combines wind and solar energy to service the household requirements.
Hybrid system for home is a combined system of wind and solar power generation system. Aero turbines convert wind energy into rotary mechanical energy. A mechanical interface, consisting of a step-up gear and a suitable coupling transmits the energy to an electrical generator. The output of this generator is connected to the Battery or system grid. The battery is connected to
the inverter. The inverter is used to convert DC voltages to AC voltages. The load draws current from the inverter.
CONTROL CENTRE
The control centre has been designed integrated within the household. The entire system shall be wireless based. However against contemporary systems already in the market, the proposed design shall be based on an Wi-Fi network which shall be circulated by a laptop or system based transponder. Thus the designed control centre shall have the advantages of being wire free as well as based upon an easily available apparatus, that is a laptop or a system which can be found in most households.
HYBRID GENERATING STATION
Hybrid system for home is a combined system of wind and solar power generation system. Aero turbines convert wind energy into rotary mechanical energy. A mechanical interface, consisting of a step-up gear and a suitable coupling transmits the energy to an electrical generator. The output of this generator is connected to the Battery or system grid. The battery is connected to the inverter. The inverter is used to convert DC voltages to AC voltages. The load is drawn current from the inverter.
• Generator, Main shaft with Leafs, Gear Wheel Arrangement
Wind power ratings can be divided into three convenient grouping, small to 1kW, medium to 50 kW and large 200 kW to megawatt frame size.
Solar energy means all the energy that reaches the earth from the sun. It provides daylight makes the earth hot and is the source of energy for plants to grow. Solar energy is also put to two types of use to help our lives directly solar heating and solar electricity.
Solar electricity is the technology of converting sunlight directly in to electricity. It is based on photo-voltaic or solar modules, which are very reliable and do not require any fuel or servicing. Solar electric systems are suitable for plenty of sun and are ideal when there is no main electricity.
WIND ENERGY INTRODUCTION
Wind result from air in motion. Air in motion arises from a pressure gradient. On a global basis one primary forcing function causing surface winds from the poles toward the equator is convective circulation. Solar radiation heats the air near the equator, and this low density heated air is buoyed up. At the surface it is displaced by cooler more dense higher pressure air flowing from the poles. In the upper atmosphere near the equator the air thus tend to flow back toward the poles and away from the equator. The net result is a global convective circulation with surface wins from north to south in the northern hemisphere.
It is clear from the above over simplified model that the wind is basically caused by the solar energy irradiating the earth. This is why wind utilization is considered a part of solar technology.
It actuality the wind is much more complex. The above model ignores the earth’s rotation which causes a coriolis force resulting in an easterly wind velocity component in the northern hemisphere.
There is the further complication of boundary layer frictional effects between the moving air and the earth’s rough surface. Mountains, trees, buildings, and similar obstructions impair stream line air flow. Turbulence results and the wind velocity in a horizontal direction markedly increase with altitude near the surface.
The Nature of the Wind
The circulation of air in the atmosphere is caused by the non-uniform heating of the earth’s surface by the sun. The air immediately above a warm area expands; it is forced upwards by cool, denser air which flows in from surrounding areas causing a wind. The nature of the terrain, the degree of cloud cover and the angle of the sun in the sky are all factors which influence this process. In general, during the day the air above the land mass tends to heat up more rapidly than the air over water. In coastal regions this manifests itself in a strong onshore wind. At night the process is reversed because the air cools down more rapidly over the land and the breeze therefore blows off shore.
The main planetary winds are caused in much the same way: Cool surface air sweeps down from the poles forcing the warm air over the topics to rise. But the direction of these massive air movements is affected by the rotation of the earth and the net pressure areas in the countries-clockwise circulation of air around low pressure areas in the northern hemisphere, and clockwise circulation in the southern hemisphere. The strength and direction of these planetary winds change with the seasons as the solar input varies.
Wind Energy Conversion
Traditional windmills were used extensively in the Middle Ages to mill grain and lift water for land drainage and watering cattle. Wind energy converters are still used for these purposes today in some parts of the world, but the main focus of attention now lies with their use to generate electricity. There is also growing interest in generating heat from the wind for space and water heating and for glass-houses but the potential market is much smaller than for electricity generation.
The term “wind mill” is still widely used to describe wind energy conversion systems, however it is hardly adopt. Description any more. Modern wind energy conversion systems are more correctly referred to as ‘WECS’, aero generations’, ‘wind turbine generators’, or simply ‘wind turbines’.
The fact that the wind is variable and intermittent source of energy is immaterial of some applications such as pumping water for land drainage – provided, of course, that there is a broad match between the
energy supplied over any critical period and the energy required. If the wind blows, the job gets done; if it does not, the job waits.