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About the Tutorial
The PHP Hypertext Preprocessor (PHP) is a programming language that allows web
developers to create dynamic content that interacts with databases. PHP is basically used
for developing web-based software applications. This tutorial will help you understand the
basics of PHP and how to put it in practice.
Audience
This tutorial is designed for beginners who are completely unaware of the concepts of PHP
but they have a basic understanding of computer programming.
Prerequisites
Before proceeding with this tutorial, you should have a basic understanding of computer
programming, Internet, Database, and MySQL etc is very helpful.
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INTRODUCTION
PHP started out as a small open source project that evolved as more and more people
found out how useful it was. Rasmus Lerdorf unleashed the first version of PHP way back
in 1994.
PHP is a recursive acronym for "PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor".
PHP is a server side scripting language that is embedded in HTML. It is used to
manage dynamic content, databases, session tracking, even build entire ecommerce
sites.
It is integrated with a number of popular databases, including MySQL, PostgreSQL,
Oracle, Sybase, Informix, and Microsoft SQL Server.
PHP is pleasingly zippy in its execution, especially when compiled as an Apache
module on the Unix side. The MySQL server, once started, executes even very
complex queries with huge result sets in record-setting time.
PHP supports a large number of major protocols such as POP3, IMAP, and LDAP.
PHP4 added support for Java and distributed object architectures (COM and
CORBA), making n-tier development a possibility for the first time.
PHP is forgiving: PHP language tries to be as forgiving as possible.
PHP Syntax is C-Like.
Common uses of PHP:
PHP performs system functions, i.e. from files on a system it can create, open, read, write,
and close them. The other uses of PHP are:
PHP can handle forms, i.e. gather data from files, save data to a file, thru email
you can send data, return data to the user.
You add, delete, modify elements within your database thru PHP.
Access cookies variables and set cookies.
Using PHP, you can restrict users to access some pages of your website.
It can encrypt data.
Characteristics of PHP
Five important characteristics make PHP's practical nature possible:
Simplicity
Efficiency
Security
Flexibility
Familiarity
"Hello World" Script in PHP
To get a feel for PHP, first start with simple PHP scripts. Since "Hello, World!" is an essential
example, first we will create a friendly little "Hello, World!" script.
As mentioned earlier, PHP is embedded in HTML. That means that in amongst your normal
HTML (or XHTML if you're cutting-edge) you'll have PHP statements like this:
<html>
<head>
<title>Hello World</title>
<body>
<?php echo "Hello, World!";?>
</body>
</html>
It will produce following result:
Hello, World!
If you examine the HTML output of the above example, you'll notice that the PHP code is
not present in the file sent from the server to your Web browser. All of the PHP present in
the Web page is processed and stripped from the page; the only thing returned to the
client from the Web server is pure HTML output.
All PHP code must be included inside one of the three special markup tags ate are
recognized by the PHP Parser.
<?php PHP code goes here ?>
<? PHP code goes here ?>
<script language="php"> PHP code goes here </script>
Most common tag is the <?php...?> and we will also use the same tag in our tutorial.