01-08-2012, 03:52 PM
IMAGE HIDING IN DNA SEQUENCE USING ARITHMETIC ENCODING
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Abstract:
Recently, biological techniques become more and more popular, as they are applied to many kinds of applications, authentication
protocols, biochemistry, and cryptography. One of the most interesting biology techniques is deoxyribo nucleic acid and using it in such
domains. Hiding secret data in deoxyribo nucleic acid becomes an important and interesting research topic. Some researchers hide the secret data
in transcribed deoxyribo nucleic acid, translated ribo nucleic acid regions, or active coding segments where it doesn't mention to modify the
original sequence, but others hide data in non-transcribed deoxyribo nucleic acid, non-translated ribo nucleic acid regions, or active coding
segments. Unfortunately, these schemes either alter the functionalities or modify the original deoxyribo nucleic acid sequences.
INTRODUCTION
Today, network technologies have improved a lot so that
more and more people access the remote facilities and send
or receive various kinds of digital data over the Internet.
However, the Internet is a public but insecure channel to
transmit data. Thus, important information must be
manipulated to be concealed while delivered via the Internet
such that only the authorized receiver can get it. There are
two main methods for concealing secret message traditional
encryption and steganography.
The information in DNA is stored as a code made up of four
chemical bases: adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine ©, and
thymine (T). Human DNA consists of about 3 billion bases,
and more than 99 percent of those bases are the same in all
people. The order, or sequence, of these bases determines
the information available for building and maintaining an
organism, similar to the way in which letters of the alphabet
appear in a certain order to form words and sentences.
ARITHMETIC CODING
In arithmetic coding, a message is represented by an interval
of real numbers between 0 and 1. As the message becomes
longer, the interval needed’ to represent it becomes smaller,
and the number of bits needed to specify that interval grows.
Successive symbols of the message reduce the size of the
interval in accordance with the symbol probabilities
generated by the model. The more likely symbols reduce the
range by less than the unlikely symbols and hence add fewer
bits to the message [5-6].
Before anything is transmitted, the range for the message is
the entire interval [0, l), denoting the half-open interval 0 5 x
< 1. As each symbol is processed, the range is narrowed to
that portion of it allocated to the symbol.
CONCLUSION
Today, network technologies have improved a lot so that
more and more people access the remote facilities and send
or receive various kinds of digital data over the Internet.
However, the Internet is a public but insecure channel to
transmit data. Thus, important information must be
manipulated to be concealed while delivered via the Internet
such that only the authorized receiver can get it. There are
two main methods for concealing secret message traditional
encryption and steganography.
DNA has many characteristics which make it a perfect
steganographic media. These techniques depend on the high
randomness of the DNA to hide any message without being
noticed. This paper presents a method to hide an image in
DNA sequence using arithmetic encoding.