12-12-2012, 05:57 PM
INDIA Comprising Twenty-eight States and seven Union Territories
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INDIA - History
The History of India is divided in 7 periods
Original Indians (1700 BC – 3300 BC) – Indus Valley Civilization – Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa People
Aryans (2500BC – 322BC) : India’s Root Culture
The Mauryan Empire(322BC–188BC) – Spread of Buddhism
Gupta Period (188 BC – 480 AD) – Golden Age of India
Muslim Period (1175AD – 1800AD)- Turks and Mughals
European Rule (1800 AD – 1947 AD) – Portuguese, French, Dutch and English
Independence and Democratic India. (From 1947AD……)
“The Father of Modern India”
Born in Ramanagar, in the district of Murshidabad (Bengal) Father : Ramakanto Roy & Mother: Tarinidevi
Founded ‘Brahmo Samaja’ in 1828 and campaigned against sati.
He established schools to modernize a system of education in India.
In 1830, Ram Mohan Roy travelled to the UK as an ambassador of the Mughal Emperor Akbar II, who conferred him title of Raja to convince British government for welfare of India and to ensure that the Lord Bentick's regulation banning the practice of Sati was not overturned.
Roy died at Stapleton (UK), on September 27, 1833 with Meningitis.
Ram Mohan Roy was married three times by the time he was ten years old. His first wife died during his childhood. His second wife, who died in 1824. His third wife, Uma Devi, outlived him.
Indian National Congress (INC)
The Congress was founded by Indian and British members most notably Allan Octavian Hume. The idea was originally conceived in a private meeting of seventeen men after a Theosophical Convention held at Madras in December 1884. Hume took the initiative, and it was in March 1885, when the first notice was issued convening the first Indian National Union to meet at Poona the following December.
Founded in 1885 with the objective of obtaining a greater share in government for educated Indians, the Indian National Congress was initially not opposed to British rule. The Congress met once a year during December. Indeed, it was a Scotsman, Allan Octavian Hume, who brought about its first meeting in Bombay, with the approval of Lord Dufferin, the then-Viceroy.
Womesh Chandra Bannerjee was the first President of the INC. The first meeting was held at Bombay from 28–31 December 1885, and was attended by 72 delegates.
A few years down the line, the demands of INC became more radical in the face of constant opposition from the government, and the party became very active in the independence movement
Lokamanya Bal Gngadhar Tilak
Tilak was born in Chikhali in Ratnagiri, Maharastra.
He joined the Indian National Congress in 1890. He opposed its moderate attitude, especially towards the fight for self government. In 1891 Tilak opposed the Age of Consent Bill. The act raised the age at which a girl could get married from 10 to 12. The Congress and other liberals supported it, but Tilak was set against it, terming it an interference with Hinduism.
On 22 June, Rand and another British officer Lt. Ayerst were shot and killed by the Chapekar Brothers and their other associates. Tilak was charged with incitement to murder and sentenced to 18 months' imprisonment. He adopted a new slogan, “SWARAJ” (Self-Rule) is my birth right and I will have it." Tilak opposed the moderate views of Gopal Krishna Gokhale, and was supported by fellow Indian nationalists Bipin Chandra Pal in Bengal and Lala Lajpat Rai in Punjab. They were referred to as the Lal-Bal-Pal triumvirate. Soon he came to be regarded as the undisputed leader of Maharashtra and was honored with the title 'Lokamanya' in 1893.
He was the first Congress leader to suggest that Hindi written in the devanagari script, should be accepted as the sole national language of India. Tilak passed away on August 1, 1920.
Gandhiji called Tilak "The Maker of Modern India”.
REPUBLIC INDIA
The Republic Day of India commemorates the date on which the Constitution of India came into force replacing the Government of India Act 1935 as the governing document of India on 26 January 1950. The date 26 January was chosen to honor the memory of the declaration of independence of 1930.
On 29 August 1947, the Drafting Committee was appointed to draft a permanent constitution, with Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar as chairman. The Constitution of India came into effect only on 26 January 1950, 10.18 AM IST. Following elections on 21 January 1950, Dr. Rajendra Prasad was elected as the president of India, taking over from Governor General Rajagopalachari. Subsequently India annexed Goa and Portugal's other Indian enclaves in 1961), the French ceded Chandernagore in 1951, and Pondicherry and its remaining Indian colonies in 1956, and Sikkim voted to join the Indian Union in 1975.