07-01-2014, 04:09 PM
COAL SCAM (COALGATE)
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INTRODUCTION
Coal is a combustible black or brownish-black sedimentary rock usually occurring in rock strata in layers or veins called coal beds or coal seams.
The harder forms, such as anthracite coal, can be regarded as metamorphic rock because of later exposure to elevated temperature and pressure.
Coal is composed primarily of carbon along with variable quantities of other elements, chiefly hydrogen, sulphur, oxygen, and nitrogen.
Coal is the largest source of energy for the generation of electricity worldwide
Coal is extracted from the ground by mining, either underground by shaft mining through the seams or in open pits.
India ranks 3rd in Top Coal Producers with 509 Mt.(2011)
India ranks 4th in Top Coal Impoters with 101.6 Mt.(2010)
Comptroller and Auditor General on India(CAG)
The Comptroller and Auditor General (CAG) of India (Hindi: भारत के नियंत्रक-महालेखापरीक्षक) is an authority, established by the Constitution of India under Chapter V, who audits all receipts and expenditure of the Government of India and the state governments
It also including those of bodies and authorities substantially financed by the government.
The CAG is ranked 9th and enjoys the same status as a judge of Supreme Court of India in Indian order of precedence.
The current CAG of India is Vinod Rai, who was appointed on 7 January 2008. He is the 11th CAG of India.
The Comptroller and Auditor-General of India is appointed by the President of India following a recommendation by the Prime Minister. On appointment, he/she has to make an oath of affirmation before the President of India.
WHO CAN APPLY
Historically, the economy of India could be characterized as broadly socialist, with the government directing large sectors of the economy through a series of five-year plans. In keeping with this centralized approach, between 1972 and 1976, India nationalized its coal mining industry, with the state-owned companies Coal India Limited (CIL) and Singareni Collieries Company (SCCL) being responsible for coal production.
This process culminated in the enactment of the Coal Mines (Nationalisation) Amendment Act, 1976, which terminated coal mining leases with private lease holders. Even as it did so, however, Parliament recognized that the nationalized coal companies were unable to fully meet demand, and provided for exceptions, allowing certain companies to hold coal leases:
1976. Captive mines owned by iron and steel companies.
1993. Captive mines owned by power generation companies.
1996. Captive mines owned by cement companies