29-05-2014, 12:01 PM
INDUSTRIAL TRAINING PROJECT REPORT NTPC - BTPS
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THE COMPANY
NTPC, the largest power Company in India, was setup in 1975 to accelerate power development in the country. It is among the world’s largest and most efficient power generation companies. In Forbes list of World’s 2000 Largest Companies for the year 2007, NTPC occupies 411th place. NTPC has installed capacity of 29,394 MW. It has 15 coal based power stations (23,395MW), 7 gas
based power stations (3,955 MW) and 4 power stations in JointVentures(1,794 MW). The company has power generating facilities in all major regions of the country. It plans to be a 75,000 MW company by 2017.
NTPC has gone beyond the thermal power generation. It has diversified intohydro power, coal mining, power equipment manufacturing, oil & gas exploration, power trading & distribution. NTPC is now in the entire power value chain and is poised to become an integrated power.
BADARPUR THERMAL POWER STATION
The Badarpur thermal power Station was planned by CWPC- Central Water & Power Commission which was bifurcated later on into Central Electricity Authority (CEA)under Ministry of Power and Central Water Commission - during sixties to cater thegrowing needs of power of Delhi. The area was selected which was out of city limits atthat time and near the Agra canal for its water requirements. The area was full of stonesof ARAVALl HILLS. Coal requirements of plant were tied up with Jharia / Dhanbad coalmines through nearby Tuglakabad railway station.At that time, only three units of 95MW were planned and the work was given to PublicSector Company namely Bharat Heavy Electrical Limited (BHEL). Ministry of Power provided Rs.66 crores to CEA for the construction of first stage of power house whichcomprised three units of 95 MW, link canal from Agra Canal.
Thermal power plant
Thermal power plant converts the heat energy of coal to electrical energy. Coal is burnt ina boiler which converts water into steam. The expansion of steam in turbine produces mechanical power which drives the alternator. Thus the main equipment in the thermal power plant consists of boiler,steam turbine and
alternator. To achieve efficient conversion of heat energy into electrical energy a variety of auxiliary equipment are needed.
BASIC PRINCIPLE
The basic raw materials required for the plants are coal, air and water. The coal is brought to the station by trains from bihar, A.P, orrisa and M.P. coal is unloaded from the wagon by the help of wagon tipplers. Then coal is transferred from coal handing plant by conveyor belt to the coal bunkers, from where it is fed to the pulversing mills, which grind it as fine as face power. The finally powered coal mixed with pre-heated air is then blown into the boiler by a fan called Primary Air Fan, where it burns, more like a gas then as a solid in the conventional domestic or industrial grate, with additional amount of air called secondary air supplied by a Force Draft Fan. As the coal has been ground so finely, the resultant ash is also a fine powder. Some of it binds together to form lumps which fall into the ash pits at the bottom of the furnace. The water quenched ash from the bottom of the furnace is conveyed to pits for subsequent disposal or sale. Most of the ash,still in the fine particle form is carried out of the boiler to the precipitators as dust, where it is trapped by electrodes charged with high voltage electricity.
The dust is then conveyed by water to disposal areas or to bunkers for sale. While the cleaned flue gasses pass on through 1.D. Fan to be discharged up the chimney. The steam which has given upits heat energy is changed back into water in a condenser so that it is ready for reuse.
PRINCIPLES OF COMBUSTION:
The primary function of oil and coal burning systems in the process of steam generation is to provide controlled efficient conversation of the chemical energy of the fuel into heat energy which is then transferred to the heat absorbing surfaces of the steam generator. The combustion elements of a fuel consist of carbon, hydrogen and usually a small amount of sulphur. When combustion is properly completed
the exhaust gases willcontain, carbon dioxide, water vapour, sulphur dioxide and a large volume of Nitrogen,combining carbon and hydrogen or hydrocarbons with the oxygen in air brings aboutCombustion. When carbon burns completely, it results in the formation of a gas known ascarbon dioxide. When carbon burns incompletely it forms carbon monoxide.