01-11-2016, 12:37 PM
1462959246-IOTBasedBloodBank.docx (Size: 175.85 KB / Downloads: 6)
Abstract:
Although much of the work has been done until today to realize the Internet of Things (IoT) into practice, most of the work focuses on resource-constrained nodes, rather than linking the existing embedded systems to the IoT network. In this paper, we propose a new architecture designed to host IoT services on common embedded systems, like Blood Bank. As they often need to provide a number of sophisticated functions compared to simple sensor nodes. The latter plays a crucial role for keeping the knowledge and data required for practical complex IoT services. In addition, we provide a software framework for embedded appliance nodes, designed to reduce the burden of embedded appliance manufacturers by providing an intuitive, consistent, and easy-to-use, our framework provides functions to build Restful services in addition to the low-level communication. We have evaluated our system through a case-study, and showed that our framework can be used effectively to implement practical IoT applications over existing embedded systems with a small programming effort.
Introduction:
The Internet is a world-wide network of interconnected computer networks, based on a standard communication protocol (TCP/IP). The Internet of Things (IoT) is
1. A world-wide network of interconnected objects which are outfitted with sensors, actuators and RFID devices.
2. These devices are uniquely addressable and use standard communication protocols in a heterogeneous networking environment including objects of totally different functionality, technology and application fields.
The Internet of Things refers to uniquely identifiable objects or "things" that have a digital presence. There are two main categories of these objects: identified objects and connected devices. These objects or devices can be connected to one another (to create a digital ecosystem), as well as to the Internet Hence the name Internet of Things.
The core functionality of the Blood Bank, beyond the four assumptions I reviewed earlier, is to maintain, with minimum effort, an inventory list of perishable food items. And when I say minimum effort, I mean no effort at all. In fact, users of the Blood Bank will not have to change any behavior to maintain this inventory list. They would just keep using the Blood Bank, as they've been doing in the centuries since the first Blood Bank was invented.
Objectives:
The Internet is a living entity, always changing and evolving. New applications and businesses are created continuously. In addition to an evolving Internet, technology is also changing the landscape. Broadband connectivity is becoming cheap and ubiquitous; devices are becoming more powerful and smaller with a variety of on-board sensors.
The proliferation of more devices becoming connected is leading to a new paradigm: the Internet of Things. The Internet of Things is driven by an expansion of the Internet through the inclusion of physical objects combined with an ability to provide smarter services to the environment as more data becomes available. Various application domains ranging from Green-IT and energy efficiency to logistics are already starting to benefit from Internet of Things concepts. There are challenges associated with the Internet of Things, most explicitly in areas of trust and security, standardization and governance required to ensure a fair and trustworthy open Internet of Things which provides value to all of society.
With the help of this project we can monitor the availability of the Blood Packets in the Blood Bank, if any item is finished then that information will be updated.
Block diagram explanation
• Power supply unit
This section needs two voltages viz., +12 V & +5 V, as working voltages. Hence specially designed power supply is constructed to get regulated power supplies.
• LDR
A photo resistor or light-dependent resistor (LDR) or photocell is a light-controlled variable resistor. The resistance of a photo resistor decreases with increasing incident light intensity; in other words, it exhibits photoconductivity. A photo resistor can be applied in light-sensitive detector circuits, and light- and dark-activated switching circuits.
• Microcontroller:
This allows a great amount of legacy code to be reused without modification in new applications. While considerably less powerful than the newer AT90 series of AVR RISC microcontrollers, new product development has continued with the AT89 series for the aforementioned advantages.
• Buffers
Buffers do not affect the logical state of a digital signal (i.e. a logic 1 input results in a logic 1 output whereas logic 0 input results in a logic 0 output). Buffers are normally used to provide extra current drive at the output but can also be used to regularize the logic present at an interface.
• Drivers
This section is used to drive the relay where the output is complement of input which is applied to the drive but current will be amplified.
• Relays
It is a electromagnetic device which is used to drive the load connected across the relay and the o/p of relay can be connected to controller or load for further processing.
• Buzzer:
A buzzer or beeper is an audio signaling device, which may be mechanical, electromechanical, or piezoelectric. Typical uses of buzzers and beepers include alarm devices, timers and confirmation of user input such as a mouse click or keystroke.
• Indicator:
This stage provides visual indication of which relay is actuated and deactivated, by glowing respective LED or Buzzer.
Methodology:
Here we are using LDR and Pressure sensors to monitor the status of Blood Packets in a Blood Bank.
This is where LDR sensor and the Internet of Things starts to kick in, therefore with the help of LDR sensor we are monitoring the presence of the blood samples in the stack of the Blood Bank. This includes most of the blood samples we place in Blood Bank. Every blood sample will be placed on the respective LDR, representing the blood information. The smart Blood Bank will have an LDR sensor embedded in every blood sample. This LDR will be sensed every time the Blood Bank packet emptied or entered.
The sensors will be monitoring the blood samples status, whenever the customer picks the blood sample, that will detected with the help of pressure sensor and then the respective sensor will monitors that status and it will send information to the concerned person via message and mail. Then that person can take the next action.
Advantages:
1. Simple in design, low power consumption and compact size as hardware is considered.
2. High reliability, due to the usage of power semiconductor devices in hardware.
Disadvantages:
1. In that they apply to all the same items on the shelf. So, for example, a certain brand’s shampoo contains the same barcode on all of its bottles.
Applications:
1. Cities
Smart Parking: Monitoring of parking spaces availability in the city.
Structural health: Monitoring of vibrations and material conditions in buildings,
bridges and historical monuments.
Traffic Congestion: Monitoring of vehicles and pedestrian levels to optimize
driving and walking routes.
Smart Lightning: Intelligent and weather adaptive lighting in street lights.
Waste Management: Detection of rubbish levels in containers to optimize
the trash collection routes.
Intelligent Transportation Systems: Smart Roads and Intelligent Highways
with warning messages and diversions according to climate conditions and
unexpected events like accidents or traffic jams.
2.Security & Emergencies
Perimeter Access Control: Access control to restricted areas and detection
of people in non-authorized areas.
Liquid Presence: Liquid detection in data centres, warehouses and sensitive
building grounds to prevent break downs and corrosion.
Radiation Levels: Distributed measurement of radiation levels in nuclear
power stations surroundings to generate leakage alerts.
Explosive and Hazardous Gases: Detection of gas levels and leakages in
industrial environments, surroundings of chemical factories and inside mines.
3. Retail
NFC Payment: Payment processing based in location or activity duration for
public transport, gyms, theme parks, etc.
Intelligent Shopping Applications: Getting advice at the point of sale according
to customer habits, preferences, presence of allergic components for them
or expiring dates.
Smart Product Management: Control of rotation of Blood Packets in shelves and
warehouses to automate restocking processes.
4.Agriculture
Wine Quality Enhancing: Monitoring soil moisture and trunk diameter
in vineyards to control the amount of sugar in grapes and grapevine
health.
Green Houses: Control micro-climate conditions to maximize the production
of fruits and vegetables and its quality.
Golf Courses: Selective irrigation in dry zones to reduce the water resources
required in the green.
Meteorological Station Network: Study of weather conditions in fields to
forecast ice formation, rain, drought, snow or wind changes.
Compost: Control of humidity and temperature levels in alfalfa, hay, straw,
etc. to prevent fungus and other microbial contaminants.
5.Industrial Control
M2M Applications: Machine auto-diagnosis and assets control.
Indoor Air Quality: Monitoring of toxic gas and oxygen levels inside chemical
plants to ensure workers and goods safety.
Temperature Monitoring: Control of temperature inside industrial and medical
Blood Banks with sensitive merchandise.
Ozone Presence: Monitoring of ozone levels during the drying meat process
in food factories.
Indoor Location: Asset indoor location by using active (ZigBee, UWB) and
passive tags (RFID/NFC).
Vehicle Auto-diagnosis: Information collection from CAN Bus to send real
time alarms to emergencies or provide advice to drivers.
Conclusion:
The story of the smart Blood Bank is just a case study, a way to illustrate how identified objects and connected devices will work synergistically to create a new consumer product, in this case a new home appliance. Of course, the Internet of Things is more far-reaching than just the tracking of food in our Blood Bank. Ultimately designers must always consider how this new technological era can benefit humanity, from reducing the ecological impact of mankind on the planet to helping people maintain healthier lifestyles.
We must also be wary and vigilant about users’ privacy and security issues. These factors are key to marketplace acceptance of these new connected Blood Packets and will greatly affect the Internet of things.
This era will presents almost unlimited great opportunities to pioneer new territories, by innovating new Blood Packets, and by creating rich interactions with technology. The work is not going to be easy, much of the road ahead is still unpaved, but it's definitely going to be fun.