05-03-2013, 11:01 AM
Indian Dairy Farming
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INDUSTRY PROFILE
A dairy is a business enterprise established for the harvesting of animal milk – mostly from cows or goats, but also from buffalo, sheep, horses or camels – for human consumption. A dairy is typically located on a dedicated dairy farm or section of a multi-purpose farm that is concerned with the harvesting of milk.
Dairy farming
History
Dairy farming has been part of agriculture for thousands of years. Historically it has been one part of small, diverse farms. In the last century or so larger farms doing only dairy production have emerged. Large scale dairy farming is only viable where either a large amount of milk is required for production of more durable dairy products such as cheese, butter, etc. or there is a substantial market of people with cash to buy milk, but no cows of their own.
Dairy farming is a class of agricultural, or an animal husbandry, enterprise, for long-term production of milk, usually from dairy cows but also from goats, sheep and camels, which may be either processed on-site or transported to a dairy factory for processing and eventual retail sale.
Most dairy farms sell the male calves born by their cows, usually for veal production, or breeding depending on quality of the bull calf, rather than raising non-milk-producing stock. Many dairy farms also grow their own feed, typically including corn, and hay. This is fed directly to the cows, or is stored as silage for use during the winter season.
Structure of the industry
While most countries produce their own milk products, the structure of the dairy industry varies in different parts of the world. In major milk-producing countries most milk is distributed through wholesale markets. In Ireland and Australia, for example, farmers' co-operatives own many of the large-scale processors, while in the United States many farmers and processors do business through individual contracts. In the United States, the country's 196 farmers' cooperatives sold 86% of milk in the U.S. in 2002, with five cooperatives accounting for half that. This was down from 2,300 cooperatives in the 1940s. In developing countries, the past practices of farmers marketing milk in their own neighborhoods are changing rapidly. Notable developments include considerable foreign investment in the dairy industry and a growing role for dairy cooperatives. Output of milk is growing rapidly in such countries and presents a major source of income growth for many farmers.
Historical development
Cattle, goat and sheep have kept by man for the production of milk since immemorial. Milk butter and cheese were common food of the people in those days. Hindu Vedas written before 1200 BC mentioned the use of butter as food. The Mongols in the middle ages prepared concentrated milk in the past and probably dairy form and used them as a time of civil war by Americans. Grim ode’s British patent for producing dried milk was issued 1855. But large production of dried milk did not being until 50 years.
Early man found that the goat and sheep produced enough milk for his family. As the need of milk increased, the cow becomes established as a producer of milk in large scale. By 18th century, the practice of selective breeding was established. It has been said that cow is machine that converts raw materials (plant) into food in a surprisingly deficient manner. The method by which cattle are managed in order to produce milk can be accomplished in many ways.
Man may be defined as the whole fresh, clean lacteal secretion obtained by the complete milking of one or more healthy milk animals (cow, buffalo’s). Milk is the only food, which is designed by nature solely as a food. It serves as the foundation of an adequate diet. As milk Contains protein, vitamin and fats, it is very important for pregnant mothers, growing children, adolescent, adult, convalescents and patients alike.
Indian dairy industry
Brief Introduction
India had tremendous milk production in 40 years and has become the world’s largest milk-producing nation with a gross output of 84.6 million tons in 2001. The Indian Dairy Industry has achieved this strength of a producer-owned and professionally-managed cooperative system, despite the facts that a majority of dairy farmers are illiterate and run small, marginal operations and for many farmers, selling milk is their sole source of income. More than 10 million dairy farmers belong to 96,000 local dairy cooperatives, who sell their products to one of 170 milk producers’ cooperative unions who in turn are supported by 15 state cooperative milk marketing federations.
A-BACK GROUND
Kolar-Chikkaballapura District Co-operative Milk Producers Union Ltd., (KOMUL) is Karnataka’s 2nd highest Milk Producing District organisation. It is a District level apex body of milk cooperatives in Karnataka, which aims to provide remunerative returns to the farmers by eliminating the middlemen and also serve the interest of consumers by providing quality Milk & milk products, which are good value for money.
Once the Dist. was named as Land of Gold & Silk, is making inroads in Quality Milk Production. It is KOMUL first installed “ Bulk Milk Coolers & Community Milking Machines ” at Society level in the state of Karnataka to get the quality milk required for UHT milk packed at Kolar Dairy under the brand name of nandini ‘Good-Life ’.
Presently Union has full pledged dairy at Kolar with an installed capacity of 2.0 LLPD, and three chilling centers at
Chinthamani, Sadli, &Gowribidnur with 1.0 LLPD capacity each respectively. KOMUL started marketing of liquid milk in polythene sachets in entire Kolar District and parts of Bangalore City since 1994. The Mnemonic Symbol of NDDB was adopted by the Union from April’ 2002 to market the liquid milk. The custom packing of Set Curds production was undertaken for GCMMF under the brand name of AmulMasti-Dahi during Aug’2001.
B-NATURE OF THE BUSINESS CARRIED
Under Co-operative sector, Kolar-Chikkaballapura Milk Union Limited (KOMUL) is totally autonomous organization. It functions through elected management committee. Operational area of union is restricted only to Kolar district comprising of 11 Taluks. In order to give more importance to dairy farming activities in rural area in turn to bring over all improvement in production and development.
E-AREA OF OPERATION
Kolar-Chikkaballapura District Co-operative Milk Producers Union is registered under Co-operative Societies act after bifurcation from Bangalore District Co-operative Milk Producers Union on 23/03/1987. The area of operation is restricted to Kolar and Chikkaballapur Districts having 2919 villages of 11 revenue Taluks.