23-04-2014, 02:55 PM
Industry Oriented Mini Project on Non-Ferrous Sand Casting of Impeller
Industry Oriente.pdf (Size: 438 KB / Downloads: 45)
ABSTRACT
Manufacturing is the art of transforming raw materials into finished
products. Foundry work deals with manufacture of products from molten metal, and the products obtained
are called Castings. Castings are produced when the molten metal is poured into the mould cavity and left
to solidify.
Casting is the one of the cheapest methods of producing parts to a given
shape. Casting in various forms represents one of the most important metal shaping process used in
engineering manufacture.
Non-ferrous metals do not contain iron as main constituent. Generally
they are weaker than ferrous metals but have other important properties such as corrosion resistance, high
electrical strength and thermal conductivity, good castability and special magnetic properties, Gun metal is
an alloy containing 88%copper, 10%tin and 2%zinc. The small addition of zinc improves castability and
intricate shapes may be cast with fine details.
CONCEPT OF PROJECT REPORT
Before starting any project work it is necessary to plan the things
properly for getting better results. Planning of a project is an important task and whole project largely
depends upon its planning. Planning is done in order to anticipate possible difficulties and decide in
advance as to how the production should be carried out in best and economical way.
Broadly spreading project at analysis is the economical research done to
find the suitability of a business or and industry to be started. Planners go into different investigations for
effecting the business or industry to obtain good working conditions, better of product and handsome of
profits.
Introduction :
6Manufacturing is the art of transforming raw materials into finished
products. Foundry work deals with manufacture of products from molten metal, and the products obtained
are called castings. castings are produced when the molten metal is poured into the mould cavity and left
to solidify, Casting in various forms represents one of the most important metal shaping processes used in
engineering manufacture.
Sand casting is very old technique but with improved methods it can still
compete with other production processes. Roughly 75% of the total outputs of the castings are made in
sand moulding though they do not full satisfy the required surface finish and accuracy. Therefore more
advanced methods such as shell moulding, investment castings, die castings; centrifugal castings etc. are
finding wider applications.
An impeller is a rotating component of a centrifugal pump usually made of
iron, steel, bronze, brass, aluminum, gun-metal or plastic, which transfers energy from the motor that
drives the pump to the fluid being pumped by accelerating the fluid outwards from the center of rotation.
The impeller in our project is made by Gun-metal. The Gun-metal is also known as red brass in USA.
It has a tensile strength of 221 to 310 MPa, a specific gravity of 8.7, a density 8,719 kg/m3, and a Brinell
hardness of 65 to 74.Gunmetal casts and machines well and is resistant to corrosion from stream and salt
water, and is used to make steam and hydraulic castings, valves, and gears, and also statues and various
small objects, e.g. buttons.
Moulding Sand:
Various materials are used in foundries for making casting moulds. Among the mould materials,
sand is used more than all others, since it posses all he required characteristics. Probably the greatest
advantage of sand as a moulding material is its versatility.
A wide range of alloys can be cast into sand as it has a high tolerance for thermal shock. Thus
relatively low melting point aluminium and magnesium alloys are sand cast as well as alloy steels. Further
more, the mass of a casting is not a limiting factor.
The majority of sand can be re-used after casting. This is particularity in the case of green and dry
sand moulding
Sand is formed by the disintegration of rocks under the action of frost, wind and rain. In natural
conditions, both large and small sand particles settle down on the bottom of water basins. Sand suitable for
moulding consists of silica (SiO2) grains together with sufficient clay to act as a binding material.