20-05-2013, 04:44 PM
Influence, Power, and Politics
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Influence: the ability to use social forces to affect the behavior of others
Power: the use of some aspect of a work relationship to compel another to perform a certain action despite resistance
Organizational Politics: self-serving actions designed to affect the behavior of others to achieve personal goals
Influence Tactics
Assertiveness
Ingratiation
Rationality
Sanctions
Exchanges
Upward Appeals
Blocking
Coalitions
Upward Influence
Congruence: enhancing your credibility by selecting an issue in keeping with your established expertise
Credibility: making it clear that your interest in the issue in not based on personal interests
Communication: using as many different communication channels as possible
Compatibility: framing the issue in terms of principles and mission of the organization
Solvability: presenting obviously viable solutions
Payoff: identify the long-term payoff for the organization and for the manager.
Expertise: explain how your issue can be addressed using the expertise of the current staff
Visibility: selling the issue in a public forum, not a private meeting
Coalition: bring other people on-board who support the idea
Sources of Power
Organizational Power: power derived from a person’s position in an organization and from control over important resources afforded by that position
legitimate power, reward power, coercive power, informational power
Individual Power: power derived from personal characteristics that are of value to the organization
referent power, expert power, charisma
Organizational Power
Legitimate Power: formal rights or authority accompanying position in an organization
Reward Power: power that results from having the ability to offer something positive, such as money or praise
Coercive Power: the use of punishment or the threat of punishment to affect the behaviors of others
Information Power: possessing valued, difficult to obtain information
Individual Power
Referent Power: power resulting from the fact that an individual is respected, admired, and liked by others
Expert Power: power derived from having certain work-related knowledge or skill
Charisma: power derived through an engaging and magnetic personality (an aura of leadership)
Laboratory Training
Training Groups (T-groups) - small, unstructured group in which participants learn from their own interactions and evolving dynamics about such issues as interpersonal relations, personal growth, leadership, and group dynamics.
Research Center for Group Dynamics (RCGD) at MIT in 1945
Kurt Lewin, Ronald Lippett, Leland Bradford
Culture and Values Diversity
Trends
Rising proportion of immigrant and minority-group workers
Shift in rewards
Implications
Flexible organizational policies
Autonomy
Affirmation and respect
Interventions
Career planning and development
Employee involvement
Reward systems