17-03-2011, 03:57 PM
gingkobiloba 7.ppt (Size: 996.5 KB / Downloads: 121)
Objectives
Identify the difference between nourishing and medicinal herbs
Identify how nourishing herbs are provided
Identify how medicinal herbs are provided
Know reasons to use nourishing or medicinal herbs
Learn about 9 popular herbs
Learn some of the problems with herbal marketing and preparations
Time for questions and individual concerns
Nourishing herbs
Nutrient rich
Bio-available
Generally considered safe, side effects uncommon
Dosage and strength less important
Tend to be local, whole, and common
Large amounts used, in contrast to medicinal plants
Includes tonics
Supportive to body systems
Long term use is usually beneficial
Internal use
Infusions
Water based
Vinegar based
Whole plant
Cooked
Raw (salad)
External use
Compress
Poultice
Salve
Medicinal Herbs
Dosage and strength important or critical
Tend to utilize more toxic parts of plant
Stimulate or sedate
More likely to have side effects
Are often plants that are less common, or rare
Long term use is generally discouraged
More extensive knowledge is needed to use safely and effectively
Tinctures
Alcohol based
Glycerin
Extracts
Capsules
Case Study: Prophylactic Use of Echinacea angustifolia and purpurea Tincture for Management of a Recurrent Staphylococcus Infection
46 yo female CHF
Heart cath age 53, followed by staph infection
Broad spec. antibiotics no effect
Echinacea ang. 30-40 drops every 3 hours
Symptom improvement within 2 hours
Two days both, stopped Ech. Symptoms returned within 4 hours
Ech and Antibiotic together, no symptoms
MD stopped antibiotics, pt. stopped Ech. Symptoms returned
Ech. as before - symptoms gone
One day without Ech, some symptoms
Ech 10 drops day no symptoms
For next 7 years, until death, two skipped days symptoms return -proven at least five times
Significant points
Echinacea fought an antibiotic resistant infection
Low dose (nourishing) as effective as high dose (stimulating)
Low dose safe to use long term
Long term use was necessary
Mechanism of action for effect of low dose unknown
Popular Herbs
The Herbs
Ginkgo biloba
St. John’s wort
Garlic
Echinacea
Goldenseal
Saw palmetto
Milk thistle
Black cohosh
Ginger
Powdered leaves
Tincture or infusion
Most ancient tree known
Uses: cerebral insufficiency, Alzheimer’s Ds, intermittent claudication, tinnitis
Ginkgo
Increases vascular flow
diabetic peripheral vascular disease
Raynauds syndrome
Other circulatory benefits fro varicose veins, hemorrhoids, eye disorders
Affinity for cerebral circulation
Inhibits platelet activity factor
Used to relieve tension, anxiety, elevate mood
Contains flavanoids, terpene lactones, ginkgolides A, B, and C, bilobalide, quercetin, and kaempferol.
ginkgolides control allergic inflammation, anaphylactic shock and asthma
antioxidant
What to watch for
Can increase blood flow
Discontinue before surgery
Do not use with menstrual flooding
Do not use with other bleeding problems (ulcer, bruising, etc.)
Not suggested with blood thinners, aspirin, etc.
Gingko biloba & Dementia
52 week RCT, double blind, multi-center
Outcomes in 309 pts (ITT):
Pt cognition: tx no change, placebo worse (p=0.04)
Caregiver assess: tx slight improve, placebo worse (p=.004)
Dose: 120 mg/d of EGb 761
Safety: side effects equal
Problems: high dropout rate (50% tx, 62% placebo)
Ginkgo & Claudication
Meta-analysis of Egb 761
5 placebo controlled trials
Moderate to large effect (0.75 Cohen’s d) on pain-free treadmill walking distance
Ginkgo - Toxicology
Adverse events
GI complaints
bruising & spontaneous bleeding
Avoid if taking warfarin, heparin, or NSAIDs
Can increase insulin levels
May increase sedation with trazodone
St. John’s Wort
Hypericum Perforatum
Used as tincture, extract in pill form, topically as oil or salve
Popular as anti-depressant.
Also used for muscle aches, nerve pain, nerve regeneration, for herpes outbreaks, bruising
St. John’s Wort
P450 Cytochrome system