29-01-2013, 04:00 PM
Introduction To Advanced Computer Architecture And Parallel Processing
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Flynn’s Taxonomy of Computer
Architecture
• Single Instruction Single Data (SISD)
• Single Instruction Multiple Data (SIMD)
• Multiple Instruction Multiple Data (MIMD)
• Multiple Instruction Single Data (MISD)
SIMD Architecture
• Single Instruction Multiple Data (SIMD)
• Consists of 2 parts:
– a front-end Von Neumann computer.
– A processor array: connected to the memory bus of
the front end.
MIMD Architecture
• Multiple Instruction Multiple Data (MIMD)
– Made of multiple processors and multiple memory
modules connected together via some
interconnection network.
– 2 broad categories:
• Shared memory
• Message passing
Message Passing Organization
– Each processor has access to its own local memory.
– Communications are performed via send and receive
operations.
– Message passing multiprocessors employ a variety of
static networks in local communications.
Interconnection Networks (INs)
• Mode of Operation
– Synchronous:
• a single global clock is used by all components in the system
(lock-step manner).
– Asynchronous:
• No global clock required
• Hand shaking signals are used to coordinate the operation of
asynchronous systems.
• Switching Techniques
– Circuit switching: a complete path has to be
established prior to the start of communication
between a source and a destination.
– Packet switching: communication between a source
and a destination takes place via messages divided
into smaller entities, called packets
Summary
• A number of concepts and system configurations
related to obtaining high-performance computing
via parallelism were introduced.
• Flynn’s taxonomy was provided.
• An introduction to SIMD and MIMD systems was
given.
• Shared-memory and message passing systems
and their interconnection networks were
introduced.