06-11-2012, 03:46 PM
Introduction to Digital Computer and Microprocessor:
1Digital Computer.pdf (Size: 1.11 MB / Downloads: 30)
Digital Computers:
General architecture and brief description of elements, instruction execution, instruction format, and instruction set, addressing modes, programming system, higher lever languages.
Buses and CPU Timings: Bus size and signals, machine cycle timing diagram, instruction timing, processor timing.
Microprocessor and Microprocessor Development Systems: Evolution of Microprocessor, Microprocessor architecture and its operations, memory, inputs-outputs (I/Os), data transfer schemes interfacing devices, architecture advancements of microprocessors, typical microprocessor development system.
The Processor
• The processor is a functional unit that interprets and carries out instructions
• Also called a Central Processing Unit (CPU)
• Every processor has a unique set of operations
• LOAD
• ADD
• STORE
This set of operation is called the instruction set
• Also referred to as machine instructions
• The binary language in which they are written is called machine language
The Operation of a Processor
• How does a computer evaluate a simple
assignment statement?
• For example:
A := B + C
• A := B + C
• A computer can’t evaluate this directly (because it’s not written in a way which matches the structure of the computer’s physical architecture)
• First, this must be translated into a sequence of instructions which the does match the computer architecture
Microprocessor
A central processing unit (CPU) contained within a single chip. Today, all computer CPUs are microprocessors. The term originated in the 1970s when CPUs up until that time were all comprised of several chips. Thus, when the entire CPU (processor) was miniaturized onto a single chip, the term "micro" processor was coined.
Microprocessor is often abbreviated MPU for "microprocessor unit" or just MP, the latter also spelled with the Greek μ symbol for micro or the letter "u" as an alternate (μP or uP).
They Started as 8-BitThe first microprocessors were created by Texas Instruments, Intel and a Scottish electronics company. Who was really first has been debated. First-generation 8-bit families were Intel's 8080, Zilog's Z80