17-12-2012, 02:53 PM
JOB SATISFACTION OF WORKERS IN KERALA LAKSHMI MILLS Ltd
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INTRODUCTION
Human resource is one of the most important and precious of all the resources on earth. Even if resources such as plant, equipment and financial assets are vital for almost every organization, such resources will have to be handled and managed by human resource properly and judiciously. Work forms an essential part of human life and occupies much of man’s life. Satisfaction and dissatisfaction with job assigned can affect the individual in every walk of life. Job satisfaction is a combination of psychological and environmental circumstances that causes a person truthfully to say “I am satisfied with my job”
Job satisfaction has been defined as a pleasurable emotional state resulting from the appraisal of one’s job; an affective reaction to one’s job; and an attitude towards one’s job.
Job satisfaction describes how comfortable an individual is with his or her job. It is a relatively recent term since in previous centuries the jobs available to a particular person were often predetermined by the occupation of that person’s parent.
There are a variety of factors that can influence a person’s level of job satisfaction. Some of these factors include the level of pay and benefits, the perceived fairness of the promotion system within a company, the quality of the working conditions, leadership and social relationships, the job itself (the variety of tasks involved, the interest and challenge the job generates, and the clarity of the job description/requirements).The happier people are within their job, the more satisfied they are said to be. Other influences on satisfaction include the management style and culture, employee involvement, empowerment and autonomous workgroups. Job satisfaction is a very important attribute which is frequently measured by organizations. The most common way of measurement is the use of rating scales where employees report their reactions to their jobs. Questions relate to rate of pay, work responsibilities, variety of tasks, promotional opportunities the work itself and co-workers.
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Job satisfaction is one’s feeling or state of mind regarding nature of their works. An attempt is made here to review the related literature available on this issue.
Sri. Vastava (1990) opined that employee satisfaction and productivity increased when routine jobs were combined so that employee could use more of their skills and abilities.
Keith (1992) stated that job satisfaction expresses the amount of agreement between one”s expectations of the job and the rewards the job provides. According to him organization climate influences motivation, performance and satisfaction.
According to happode (1997) job satisfaction is a combination of psychological, physiological and environmental circumstances that causes a person truthfully to say ‘’I am satisfied with my job’’. Parida(1999) in his study opined that the people cannot be truly motivated by anyone :their working atmosphere must foster self motivation. Bansal (2000) found that there is a significant relationship between salary and job satisfaction.
Rose (2001) had a view of job satisfaction as bi-dimensional concept consisting of intrinsic and extrinsic satisfaction dimensions, intrinsic source of satisfaction depend on the work that the person actually, these are symbolic or qualitative facets of the job .extrinsic sources of satisfaction are situational and depend on the environment such as pay, job security that are financial and other material rewards or advantage of a job.
JOB SATISFACTION – A THEORETICAL FRAME WORK
Job satisfaction is one of the important factors which have drawn the attention of managers in organizations as well as academicians .Various studies have been conducted to find out the factors which determine job satisfaction and way it influences productivity in the organization .Though there is no conclusive evidence that job satisfaction affects productivity. It is still a prime concern for managers. Job satisfaction is the mental feeling of favorableness which an individual has about his job.
DEFINITION OF JOB SATISFACTION
Job satisfaction is the amount of pleasure or contentment associated with a job .If you like your job intensely, you will experience high job satisfaction .If you dislike your job intensely you will experience job dissatisfaction.
DETERMINANTS OF JOB SATISFACTION
While analyzing the various determinants of job satisfaction, one have to keep in mind that all individuals do not derive the same degree of job satisfaction though they perform the same job in the same job environment and at the same time. Therefore it appears that besides the same nature of job and job environment, there are individual variables which affect job satisfaction .Thus all those factors which provide a fit among individual variables, nature of job, and situational variables determine the job satisfaction.
The following are the factors:
1Individual factors: Individual has certain expectations from their jobs. If their expectations are met from the jobs they feel satisfied. These expectations are based on the individual’s level of education, age, and other factor.
Level of education:
Level of education of an individual is a factor which determines the degree of job satisfaction .for example several studies has found negative correlation between the level of education, particularly higher level of education and job satisfaction. The possible reason for this phenomenon may be that high expectations from their jobs which remain unsatisfied.
Age:
Individuals experience different degree of job satisfaction at different stages of their life. Job satisfaction is high at initial stage, and finally dips to a low degree.
Other factors:
Besides the above two factors ,there are other individual factors which affect job satisfaction .If an individual does not have favorable social and family life ,he may not feel happy at the work place .Other personal problems associated with him may affect his level of job satisfaction.