18-09-2014, 10:14 AM
KOTA SUPER THERMAL POWER STATION
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INTRODUCTION
(i)COMPANY PROFILE:-
Kota Super Thermal Power Station is located on the left bank of river Chambal in Rajasthan’s principal industrial city Kota. Infrastructural facilities like adequate water availability in Kota Barrage throughout the year.
COAL:-
Coal India limited owns and operates all the major coal fields in India through its coal producing subsidiary companies viz. Northern Coal Fields Limited, South Eastern Coal Fields Limited, Coal India limited is supply coal from its coal mines of coal producing subsidiaries SECL & NCL to Kota Thermal Power Station through railway wagons. The average distances of SECL, NCL are 800, 950 Km. respectively.
WATER AVALIBILITY:-
The source of water for power station is reservoir formed by Kota Barrage on the Chambal River. In case of large capacity plants huge quantities of coal and water is required. The cost of transporting coal and water is particularly high. Therefore, as far as possible, the plant must be located near the pit rather than at load centre for load above 200 MW and 375 MW. The transportation of electrical energy is more economical as compared to the transportation of coal.
(ii)RECORDS OF EXCELLENCE:-
Kota Super Thermal Power Station is reckoned as one of the best, efficient and prestigious power station of the country. KSTPS has established a record of excellence and has earned meritorious productivity awards from the Ministry of Power, Govt. of India during 1984, 1987, 1989, 1991 and every year since 1992-93 onwards.
KSTPS has earned golden shield award from Union Ministry of Power for Consistent outstanding performance during 2000-01 to 2003-04. The Golden Shield was presented by Honorable President of India Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam on 24.8.04.
COAL HANDLING PLANT:-
It can be called the heart of thermal power plant because it provided the fuel for combustion in boiler. The coal is brought to the KSTPS through rails there are fourteen tracks in all for transportation of coal through rails. The main coal sources for KSTPS are SECL (South Eastern Coalfields Limited), NCL (Northern Coalfield Limited). Everyday 6 to 7 trains of coal are unloaded at KSTPS. Each train consists of 58 wagons and each wagon consists of 50 tons of coal. The approximate per day consumption at KSTPS is about 18000 metric tons. It costs approximate 4.5 crores of rupees per day including transportation expenses. The coal is firstly unloaded from wagon by wagon triplers then crushed by crushers and magnetic pulley and pulverized to be transformed to the boiler. The whole transportation of coal is through conveyor belt.
BOILER:-
A boiler (or steam generator) is a closed vessel in which water, under pressure is converted into steam. It is one of the major components of a thermal power plant. A boiler is always designed to absorb maximum amount of heat released in process of combustion. This is transferred to the boiler by all the three modes of heat transfer i.e. conduction, convection and radiation.
Boilers are tangentially fired; balance draft, natural circulation, radiant type, dry bottom with direct fired pulverized coal from bowl mills. They are designed for burning low grade coal with high ash content. Oil burners are located between coal burners for flame stabilization. Pulverized coal is directly fed from the coal mills to the burners at the four corners of the furnace through coal pipes.
In KSTPS, Natural circulation, tangentially fired, over hanged type, Water tube boilers are used. Oil burners are provided between coal burners for initial start up and flame stabilization. Firstly, light oil (diesel oil) is sprayed for initialization then heavy oil (high speed diesel oil) is used for stabilization of flame. Pulverized coal is directly fed from the coal mills to the burners at the four corners of the furnace through coal pipes with the help of heated air coming from PA fan.
Furnace:-
Furnace is primary part of the boiler where the chemical energy available in the fuel is converted into thermal energy by combustion. Furnace is designed for efficient and complete combustion. Major factors that assist for efficient combustion are the temperature inside the furnace and turbulence, which causes rapid mixing of fuel and air. In modern boilers, water-cooled furnaces are used.
. STEAM TURBINE:-
Turbine is an assembly in which a shaft is rotated steadily by impact or reaction of current or stream of working substance (steam, air, water, gases etc) upon blades of a wheel. It converts the potential or kinetic energy of the working substance into mechanical power by virtue of dynamic action of working substance. When the working substance is steam it is called the steam turbine.
PRINCIPAL OF OPERATION OF STEAM TURBINE:-
Working of the steam turbine depends wholly upon the dynamic action of Steam. The steam is caused to fall in pressure in a passage of nozzle: due to this fall in pressure a certain amount of heat energy is converted into mechanical kinetic energy and the steam is set moving with a greater velocity. The rapidly moving particles of steam, enter the moving part of the turbine and here suffer a change in direction of motion which gives rose to change of momentum and therefore to a force. This constitutes the driving force of the machine. The processor of expansion and direction changing may occur once or a number of times in succession and may be carried out with difference of detail. The passage of steam through moving part of the commonly called the blade, may take place in such a manner that the pressure at the outlet side of the blade is equal to that at the inlet inside. Such a turbine is broadly termed as impulse turbine. On the other hand the pressure of the steam at outlet from the moving blade may be less than that at the inlet side of the blades; the drop in pressure suffered by the steam during its flow through the moving causes a further generation of kinetic energy within the blades and adds to the propelling force which is applied to the turbine rotor. Such a turbine is broadly termed as impulse reaction turbine
ELECTRICITY GENERATOR:-
Electricity generator manufactured by B.H.E.L. and incorporated with most modern design concepts and constructional features, which ensures reliability, with constructional & operational economy. The generator stator is a tight construction, supporting & enclosing the stator windings, core and hydrogen coolers. Cooling medium hydrogen is contained within frame & circulated by fans mounted at either ends of rotor. The generator is driven by directly coupled steam turbine at a speed of 3000 r. p. m. the Generator is designed for continuous operation at the rated output. Temperature detectors and other devices installed or connected within then machine, permit the windings, teeth core & hydrogen temperature, pressure & purity in machine under the conditions. The source of excitation of rotor windings is thyristor controlled D.C. supply. The auxiliary equipment’s supplied with the machine suppresses and enables the control of hydrogen pressure and purity, shaft sealing lubricating oils.
CONCLUSION
The first phase of practical training has proved to be quiet fruitful. It provided an opportunity for encounter with such huge machines like crushers, 110 MW, 210 MW & 195 MW turbines, boiler and generators. Practical training helps in converting the theoretical knowledge into practical.
The architecture of the power plant is remarkable, the way various units are linked and the way working of whole plant is controlled make the student realize that engineering is not just learning the structured description and working of various machines, but the greater part is of planning proper management.
It also provides an opportunities to lean low technology used at proper place and time can cave a lot of labor .But there are few factors that require special mention. Training is not carried out into its tree sprit. It is recommended that there should be some project specially meant for students where presence of authorities should be ensured. There should be strict monitoring of the performance of students and system of grading be improved on the basis of work done.
However training has proved to be quite beneficial for me. It has allowed an opportunity to get an exposure of the practical implementation to theoretical fundamentals