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Abstract— ‗Modern 3 ways dropping dumper’ has been
conceived by observing the difficulty in unloading the
materials. The survey in this regards in several automobile
garages, revealed the facts that mostly some difficult methods
were adopted in unloading the materials from the trailer. This
paper has mainly focused on above difficulty. Hence a
prototype of suitable arrangement has been designed. The
vehicles can be unloaded from the trailer in three axes without
application of any impact force. The Direction control valve
which activates the ram of the hydraulic cylinder which lifting
the trailer cabin in require side. Further modifications and
working limitations will put this work in the main league of
use. This concept saves time & energy which leads to efficient
working.
INTRODUCTION
A dumper is a vehicle designed for carrying bulk
material, often on building sites. Dumpers are distinguished
from dump trucks by configuration: a dumper is usually an
open 4-wheeled vehicle with the load skip in front of the
driver, while a dump truck has its cab in front of the load.
The skip can tip to dump the load; this is where the name
"dumper" comes from. They are normally diesel powered.
A towing eye is fitted for secondary use as a site tractor.
Dumpers with rubber tracks are used in special
circumstances and are popular in some countries.
Early dumpers had a payload of about a ton and were 2-
wheel drive, driving on the front axle and steered at the
back wheels. The single cylinder diesel engine (sometimes
made by Lister) was started by hand cranking.
The steering wheel turned the back wheels, not front.
Having neither electrics nor hydraulics there was not much
to go wrong. The skip was secured by a catch by the
driver's feet. When the catch is released, the skip tips under
the weight of its contents at pivot point below, and after
being emptied is raised by hand.
Modern dumpers have payloads of up to 10000kg and
usually steer by articulating at the middle of the chassis
(pivot steering).
They have multi-cylinder diesel engines, some
turbocharged, electric start and hydraulics for tipping and
steering and are more expensive to make and operate. An
A-frame known as a ROPS (Roll-Over Protection) frame
may be fitted over the seat to protect the driver if the
dumper rolls over. Some dumpers have FOPS (Falling
Object Protection) as well. Lifting skips are available for
discharging above ground level. In the 1990s dumpers with
swivel skips, which could be rotated to tip sideways,
became popular, especially for working in narrow sites
such as road works. Dumpers are the most common cause
of accidents involving construction plant.
A dumper is an integral part of any construction work
and hence its role is important for completion of any
constructional site. One of the problem are cited with
dumper in the time and energy for setting the huge dumper
in the proper direction to dump the material it in carrying
and hence the need of the project work riser which is about
3 way dropping dumper which can dump the material in
any direction except the rental one without moving the
truck in any direction.
A dump truck (or, UK, dumper truck) is a truck used for
transporting loose material (such as sand, gravel, or dirt)
for construction. A typical dump truck is equipped with a
hydraulically operated open-box bed hinged at the rear, the
front of which can be lifted up to allow the contents to be
deposited on the ground behind the truck at the site of
delivery. In the UK and Australia the term applies to offroad
construction plant only, and the road vehicle is known
as a tipper, tipper lorry (UK) or tip truck (AU).
II. LITERATURE REVIEW
II-A Hydraulic Dump Bodies
Hydraulics was being incorporated into truck mounted
dump bodies relatively early on, in which record shows one
of the first hydraulic dump bodies was the Robertson Steam
Wagon with a hydraulic hoist that received power from the
truck‘s engine or an independent steam engine[3]. Alley &
McLellan of Glasgow developed another early hydraulic
dump body in 1907 that was power-driven by steam.