05-02-2013, 03:45 PM
MEMS BASED WHEEL CHAIR
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ABSTRACT
The main aim of this project is to control the devices and to ask the basic needs like water, food or medicine by using MEMS (Micro Electro-Mechanical Systems) technology. MEMS is a Micro Electro Mechanical Sensor which is a highly sensitive sensor and capable of detecting the tilt. This sensor finds the tilt is to the right side then the device will be on for the first time then next time it will be off. In the same way, if the tilt is to the left side then another device is going to be controlled. The tilt is in upwards or downward direction the related need will be announced. This device is very helpful for paralysis and physically challenged persons.
This device is portable and this system operation is entirely driven by wireless technology. User can wear it to his head like a band and can operate it by tilting the MEMS sensor.
This project makes use of a Relay for switching the devices and APR-9600 voice chip for audio announcements and Micro controller, which is programmed, with the help of embedded C instructions. The MEMS based sensor detects the tilt and provides the information to the microcontroller. And the controller judges whether the instruction is right movement or left movement instruction and controls the operation respectively.
INTRODUCTION
The advent of new high-speed technology and the growing computer capacity provided realistic opportunity for new robot controls and realization of new methods of control theory. This technical improvement together with the need for high performance robots created faster, more accurate and more intelligent robots using new robots control devices, new drives and advanced control algorithms.
This Project deals with live personal detection robot is based on 8 bit Microcontroller. This Robot follows which is drawn over the surface. Here we are using PIR sensor for detect the which are detect human. The project is mainly used in the DEBRIS for Earth quake rescue.
Internally it consists of IR sensors. The infrared sensors are used to sense the live persons. All the above systems are controlled by the Microcontroller. In our project we are using the popular 8 bit microcontroller.
The Microcontroller is used to control the motors. It gets the signals from the PIR sensors and it drives the motors according to the sensor inputs. Two DC Gare motors are used to drive the robot.
A BRIEF HISTORY OF 8051
In 1981, Intel corporation introduced an 8 bit microcontroller called 8051. this microcontroller had 128 bytes of RAM, 4K bytes of chip ROM, two timers, one serial port, and four ports all on a single chip. At the time it was also referred as “ A SYSTEM ON A CHIP”
The 8051 is an 8-bit processor meaning that the CPU can work only on 8 bits data at a time. Data larger than 8 bits has to be broken into 8 bits pieces to be processed by the CPU. The 8051 has a total of four I\O ports each 8 bit wide.
There are many versions of 8051 with different speeds and amount of on-chip ROM and they are all compatible with the original 8051. this means that if you write a program for one it will run on any of them.
The 8051 is an original member of the 8051 family. There are two other
members in the 8051 family of microcontrollers. They are 8052 and 8031. All the three
microcontrollers will have the same internal architecture, but they differ in the following
aspects.
• 8031 has 128 bytes of RAM, two timers and 6 interrupts.
• 8051 has 4K ROM, 128 bytes of RAM, two timers and 6 interrupts.
• 8052 has 8K ROM, 256 bytes of RAM, three timers and 8 interrupts.
Of the three microcontrollers, 8051 is the most preferable. Microcontroller supports both serial and parallel communication.
ALE/PROG
Address Latch Enable is an output pulse for latching the low byte of the address during accesses to external mem- ory. This pin is also the program pulse input (PROG) during Flash programming.
In normal operation, ALE is emitted at a constant rate of 1/6 the oscillator frequency and may be used for external timing or clocking Note, however, that one ALE pulse is skipped during each access to external data memory. If desired, ALE operation can be disabled by setting bit 0 of SFR location 8EH. With the bit set, ALE is active only dur-ing a MOVX or MOVC instruction. Otherwise, the pin is weakly pulled high. Setting the ALE-disable bit has no effect if the microcontroller is in external execution mode.