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ABSTRACT - This technical paper deals about the
people who are suffering from natural disaster and
manmade disasters, natural disaster includes
earthquake and manmade disaster includes building
collapse and avalanche due to these problems
building may collapse and it may lead to the people
who live into death due to these major problem we
came across the device called microwave l- band life
detection system which is used to identify the
survivors who are buried under the rubble. This
technical paper deals about existing technology ,
proposed technology , about L- band , block diagram
of the proposed concept, advantages and
disadvantages and finally result in that we are coming
across simulation.
INTRODUCTION:
The natural and manmade disaster such as
earthquakes, landslide, avalanches, have become
common in the last decades due to these buildings
tends to collapse on people. After most of these
incidents, the common
problem is that more number of lives could have
been saved had the survivors been found and
rescued earlier. This incident causes people to
death to safeguard it our technology is helpful l.
Hence there is a need to develop a comprehensive
disaster management solution to tackle this
problem . This proposed system is mounted on
mobile flying unit such as a Quadrotor. It can be
used survey an area to identify people who are
buried under the rubble.
A. Microwave L-Band Electomagnetic
Spectrum :
Microwaves are a form of electromagnetic
radiation with wavelengths ranging from as long as
one meter to as short as one millimeter, or
equivalently, with frequencies between 300 MHz
(0.3 GHz) and 300 GHz. Microwaves are
especially suitable for this use since they are more
easily focused into narrower beams than radio
waves, allowing frequency reuse Their
comparatively higher frequencies allow
broad bandwidth and high data transmission rates,
and antenna sizes are smaller than at lower band refers to four long different bands of
the electromagnetic spectrum 40 to 60 GHZ
(NATO), , 1565 nm to 1625 nm(optical), and
around 3.5 micrometres (infrared astronomy).
Where NATO L band is the range of radio
frequencies.
II. EXISTING TECHNOLOGY
In manual surveying rescue personnel manually
scout the area on foot to identify the location of
survivors .This surveying concept is not as efficient
and also time consuming is high there are several
methods .There are several ways to prevent
avalanches and lessen their power and destruction.
They are employed in areas where avalanches pose
a significant threat to people the threats not only for
avalanche but also many disaster like earthquake ,
landslide this manual survey concept is not
efficient. Next concept is sniffer dogs which are
used by rescue personnel to aid them in their search
and rescue operations but the cost is high for
training the dog but this concept is not effective.
These concept is time consuming. Next concept is
optical devices such as a camera are also used to
identify survivors. These optical devices are
lowered down into the rubble to look for survivors.
This method is also time consuming and cannot be
used for all location and these are time consuming
. Penetration power is not high so this concept can
only have a penetration of less than 1.2 feet. The
next concept is acoustical detectors such as
geophones are simple to use but they require quiet
working environments, which is impossible to
achieve in monsoon season so this concept also not
good . Next concept is breath sensor it is used to
detect the metabolites but there is hazardous gas
release during breathing and sweating so this
concept is not as effective but this technique is not
tested.
III. PROPOSED TECHNOLOGY USING
L-BAND LIFE DETECTION
SYSTEM:
The entire Microwave Life Detection system is
mounted on an MFU (Mobile Flying Unit) such as
a Quadrotor. The MFU is either controlled by
rescue personnel from a remote location or it can
be made completely autonomous to survey a
demarcated area.
The survivors are detected by using a Microwave
L-Band life detection system.
Once the unit detects a survivor, it immediately
sends the co-ordinates of the location to the base
station. Hence, the rescue personnel can easily
approach and clear the areas with survivors.
This device also has position sensors to find the
people who where buried under the rubble.
The microwave life detection system can work on
different range of frequencies from L-band (2GHz)
to X- band (10GHz). But X- band microwave is
unable to penetrate deep into the rubble. It can
penetrate rubble up to 1.5 ft in the thickness (5
layers of bricks) while L- band can penetrate the
rubble of about 3 ft in thickness (10 layers of
bricks). For this reason, the a microwave life
detection system operates on the L-band frequency.
This system is efficient in trapping the breathing
and heartbeat signals of victims who are
completely trapped and too weak to respond.