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ABSTRACT
Nanorobots are nanodevices that will be used for the
purpose of maintaining and protecting the human
body against pathogens. Nano is one billionth of one
centimeter. It is the application of different
technologies primarily interested in the reduction of
size.
The credential part of this paper gives the theoretical
application of nanodevices in the treatment of AIDS.
There is no technology for the treatment of AIDS.
Some of the drugs of specific composition are given
nowadays to the patients depending on the intensity of
the disease which increase their lifetime to a few
years only. To make the treatment more specific, we
use the nanodevices that use nanosensors to sense
the AIDS infected WBC’s. In this method, we are
using nanorobots to get back the HIV infected
WBC’s. By doing so, constant levels of WBC’s are
maintained in the blood stream. Thus, the AIDS
patient is provided with an immune system so that
he can defend himself from diseases.
In this paper, only a theoretical analysis is given and
all the information provided is specifically organized
by us. In India, more than 50 lakhs of people are
infected by this dreaded disease and it constitutes
10% of the total infected. We are doing research on
this paper and we hope that this theoretical approach
can be made practical in the near future, so that the killer disease AIDS could also be made in control in
the hands of Human with the emerging new
technologies like NANOTECHONOLOGY which
has a Bio-medical application.
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1. AIDS: Acquired Immuno deficiency Syndrome
(AIDS), is a human viral disease that ravages the
immune system, undermining the body’s ability to
defend itself from infection and disease. Caused by
the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), AIDS
leaves an infected person vulnerable to opportunistic
infections which can prove fatal. Our paper aims at
the removal of the virus to from the RNA of the
body using the nanorobots.
1.2. HIV: Human Immuno deficiency Virus:
The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
principally attacks CD4 T-cells, a vital part of the
human immune system. As a result, the body’s
ability to resist the opportunistic viral, bacterial,
fungal, protozoal, and other infection is greatly
weakened. Pneumonia is the leading cause of the
death among people with HIV infection, and the
incidence of certain types of cancers is also
increased rapidly. Neurological complications and
dramatic weight loss are the symptoms of end
stage HIV disease. HIV can be transmitted
REASONS FOR APPLYING NANOTECH
TO BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS:
Most animal cells are 10,000 to 20,000 nanometers
in diameter. This means that nanoscale devices can
enter cells and the organelles inside them to interact
with DNA and proteins. Tools developed through
nanotechnology may be able to detect disease in a
very small amount of cells or tissue and may allow
tools for different tests to be situated together..In
general, nanotechnology may offer a faster and more
efficient means for us to do much of what we do
now.
4. BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS OF
NANOROBOTS:
The enormous potential in the biomedical capabilities
of Nano-Robots and the imprecision and less side
effects of medical treatments today make Nano Robots very desirable. But today, we propose for
Nanomedical robots, since they will have no difficulty
in identifying the target site cells even at the very
early stages which cannot be done in the traditional
treatment and will ultimately be able to track them
down and destroy them wherever they may be
growing.
WHAT IS A MEDICINAL
NANOROBOT?
Nanorobots are theoretical microscopic devices
measured on the scale of nanometers .When fully
realized from the hypothetical stage, they would
work at the atomic ,molecular and cellular level to
perform tasks in both the medical and industrial
fields.. Nanomedicine’s nanorobots are so tiny that
they can easily traverse the human body. Scientists
report that the exterior of a nanorobot will likely be
constructed of carbon atoms in a diamondoid structure
because of its inert properties and strength. Glucose
or natural body sugars and oxygen might be a source
for propulsion, and it will have other biochemical or
molecular parts depends on task.
2 METHODOLOGY:
AIDS by itself is not a killer disease. The cause of
AIDS is the HIV virus that is capable of destroying
the immune system. Thereby the host system is
vulnerable to small diseases which will turn into a
fatal one but actually it is not a fatal disease. The HIV
virus attack the WBC’s by converting them into the
HIV. Thereby the immune system will fail causing the
death of the patient. Our idea is to convert the AIDS
affected WBC’s back into the original form of the
WBC by using a Nanorobot, thereby the patient is
made to have a constant amount of immune system.
Nanorobot performs the inverse process of the HIV.
5.3 CONVERSION RATE:
The HIV convert the WBC in a faster manner .So the
conversion by the A-HIV Nanorobot should also be
very much faster than that of the HIV, so that a
constant level of WBC’s are maintained in the blood
stream. So ,an AIDS patient can defend himself from
various diseases .The conversion rate should be at
least five times greater than that of the HIV
conversion rate.
6.2.2 STRUCTURE:
Interior: It will be a closed, vacuum environment
into which liquids from the outside cannot normally
enter unless it is needed for chemical analysis.
Exterior: It will be subjected to various chemical
liquids in our bodies.
6.2.3. ABILITY TO DEFEND FROM
IMMUNE SYSTEM:
Immune system response is primarily a reaction to a
"foreign" surface.. Passive diamond exteriors may
turn out to be ideal. Allergic and shock reactions are
avoided.
6.2.4 ACQUIRING POWER:
It could metabolize local glucose and oxygen for
energy. Another possibility is externally supplied
acoustic power, which is probably most appropriate in
a clinical setting.
6.2.5 COMMUNICATON:
Having nanorobots inside the body it is very essential
to know the actions done by it.. One of the simplest
ways to send broadcast-type messages into the body,
to be received by nanorobots, is acoustic messaging.
6.2.6 TRACKING:
A navigational network may be installed in the
body, with station and Physical positions can be
reported continuously using an in vivo
communications network.
9. ADVANTAGES:
1. More than million people in this world are
affected by this dreaded disease. Currently there is
no permanent vaccine or medicine is available to
cure the disease. The currently available drugs can
increase the patient’s life to a few years only, so the
invention of this nanorobot will make the patients
to get rid of the disease. and has no side affects.
2. As the nanorobot do not generate any harmful
activities there is no side effect. It operates at
specific site only.
10. DISADVANTAGES:
1. The nanorobot should be very accurate, otherwise
harmful effects may occur.
2. The initial design cost is very high.
11. CONCLUSION:
The paper is just a theoretical justification. But the
recent advancement in the field of nanotechnology
gives the hope of the effective use of this technology
in medical field. This paper starts by giving an
introduction to nanorobots and its importance as
recognized by various other technocrats. This is the
beginning of nanoera and we could expect further
improvements such as a medicine to AIDS using
nanotechnology .