19-01-2013, 03:38 PM
MUD ARCHITECTURE
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INTRODUCTION
Mud has been the most essential of building materials since the dawn of the man.
Nature set the example : termites built tower above ground and developed air circulation which prefigured modern ventilation processes; the ‘potter ‘ wasp and its cousin the ‘mud mixer’ wasp used their mandible to knead and model vaults that were perfectly rounded, as if designed by architects.
from the earliest times men followed this example, he built dwellings.
But with the onset of industrial revolution , bricks of baked clay and mass-produced materials such as cement , steel and glass gradually supplanted the basic elements of traditional construction.
HISTORY
Ever since mankind first congregated in villages
almost 10,000 years ago.
Unbaked mud has been one of the principal
building materials used in every continent.
Over one third of the world’s population still lives
in mud houses today
In ancient times, unbaked mud was widely used
in all over the world especially
Mesopotamia,Egypt,Romans as did the peoples of
the Indus civilizations etc.
SENSUALITY
Building in mud seems to provide particularly physical creative urge in its craftsmen.
Architecture is therefore the expression of profound as well as producing images of physical and ‘muddy’ pleasure.
A fine example is in Mali
MUD HOUSING TECHNOLOGY
In rural areas in India , particularly in many small /medium towns of south India in majority of houses mud has been used in construction in one way or the other. That is , in construction of walls,plastering,flooring etc….
Scientists have developed several techniques to overcome some of the disadvantages of using mud as building materials.
The central building research institute ,Roorkee has done lot of research and has developed a non-erodable water repellant mud plaster to make mud houses more durable.
Researches have identified many stabilizing agents , such as lime , bitumen ,rice husk cement to be used in mud construction to improve bearing strength.
CONSTRUCTION METHOD
Many ways of building in mud have been evolved over the centuries , but two processes have established themselves as the most common and reliable: adobe and pise.
Adobe –a word of Arab origin later adopted in Spain and then in the Americas-is the name of technique in which earth mixed with water and finely chopped straw is manually rammed into wooden bricks moulds
STRENGTH AND DURABILITY
Although popular traditions of building in unbaked mud are known to have an ancient heritage ,prejudices persist against mud constructions ,based on the clame that they are fragile and unable to withstand the test of time.
To prove how strong and resistance they are if well designed , one need only point to ancient buildings still standing all over the world
Various examples are to be found in all over the world
In Asia ,long stretches of the Great Wall of China begun in 3rd centuryB.C are composed principally of mud
There are many examples of churches and monasteries constructed in adobe in the 17th and 18th centuries
APPLICATIONS
IT’S MANY USES
Firstly ,dwellings built in mud throughout the world demonstrate a unique richness of design , technical in ingenuity and subtle creativity
Secondly , this material has been used not only in houses , but in a great range of public and private buildings that reflect the grandeur and sophistication of urban and rural communities-mosques ,churches, temples granaries ,warehouses ,ramparts ,citadels ,arena monumental gates and palaces all have been built in this most simple of materials
THE MODERNITY OF TRADITION
As we approach the end of our flying visit to the mud architecture of about 30 countries ,we can see that this form of building is far from being a thing of the past .not only do a 3rd of our contemporaries still live in mud buildings
Cultural traditions are not frozen in time ;they are constantly reviewed , reinterpreted and renewed in order to create a vital link between history and locale
CONCLUSION
Mud architecture in traditional construction method continues to thrive in most of the 3rd world, and gives the vision of originality.
The most humble material of so called material of ural construction can bring the new world of more appreciation , so with the hope of this awareness building with mud has become an important factor in planning new development
Mud depicts the true and productive link between traditions and modernity