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ABSTRACT
Mankind has always strived to give life like qualities to its artifacts in an attemptto findsubstitutes for himself to carry out his orders and also to work in a hostile environment. The popular concept of a robotic arm is a machine that looks and works like a human arm.
The industry is movingfrom current state of automation to Robotization to increase productivity and to deliver uniform quality. The industrial robots of today may not look the least bit like a human being although there search is directed to provide more and more anthropomorphic and human like features and super-human capabilities in these.
Our project is to implement material handling multi axes robots on the manufacturing applications and performing automation so as to handle tedious jobs that can injure factory workers.
And also to develop a Database system so as to calculate the productivity of production line, as well as elevating the quality of the product.
INTRODUCTION
Mechanical is the branch of engineering science &Technology related to machinery, and their design. Manufacture, application, and structural disposition. Robotics is related to electronics, mechanics, and software. Robotics research today is focused on developing systems that exhibit modularity, flexibility. redundancy, fault-tolerance, a general and extensible software environment and seamless connectivity to other machines, some researchers focus on completely automating a manufacturing process or a task, by providing sensor based intelligence to the robotic arm. While others try to solidify the analytical foundations on which many of the basic concepts in robotics are built.
In this highly developing society time and man power are critical constrains for completion of task in large scales. The automation is playing important role to save human efforts in most of the regular and frequently carried works. One of the major and most commonly performed works is picking and placing of jobs from source to destination.
Present day industry is increasingly turning towards computer-based automation mainly due to the need for increased productivity and delivery of end products with uniform quality. The inflexibility and generally high cost of hard-automation systems, which have been used for automated manufacturing tasks in the past, have led to a broad based interest in the use of robotic arm capable of performing a variety of manufacturing functions in a flexible environment and at lower costs. The use of Industrial robotic arm characterizes some of contemporary trends in automation of the manufacturing process. However, present day industrial mechanical arm also exhibit amonolithic mechanical structure and closed-system software architecture, They are concentrated on simple repetitive tasks, which tend not to require high precision.
The pick and place robotic arm is a human controlled based system that detects the object. Picks that object from source location and places are desired location. For detection of object. Human detect presence of object and move machine accordingly.
A Database system is an organized collection of data. It is the collection of schemas, tables, queries, reports, views and other objects. The data are typically organized to model aspects of reality in a way that supports processes requiring information such as modeling the availability of rooms in hotels in a way that supports finding hotel with vacancies.
BASICS OF ROBOTS
2.1 BASIC LAW OF ROBOTS
The robotic arm is a, humanoids hand, devoid of feelings, and used them in a number of stories. This robotic arm were well designed, fail-safe machines, whose brains were programmed by human beings.
Anticipating the dangers and have such a device could cause, he postulated rules for their ethical conduct. Roboticarm were required to perform according to three principles known as “Three laws of robotic” which are as valid fur real robotic arm and they are:
1. A robotic arm should not injure a human being or through inactionallow a human to be harmed.
2. A robotic arm must obey orders given by humans except when that conflicts with the First Law.
3. A robotic arm must protect its ownexistence unless that conflicts with the First or Second law.
These are very general Laws and apply even to other machines and appliances. They are always taken care of in any robotic arm design.
2.2COMPONENTS OF ROBOTIC ARM
2.2.1. STRUCTURE
The structure of a robotic arm ismostly mechanical and can be called a kinematic chain. The chain is formed of links, actuators, and joints which can allow one or more degrees of freedom. Most contemporary robotic arm use open serialchains in which each linkconnects the one before to the one after it. These robotic arm are often resemble the human arm. Mechanical arm used as manipulators have anend effector mounted on the last link. This end effector can be anything from a welding device to a mechanical hand used to manipulate the environment.
POWER SUPPLY UNIT
A power supply (sometimes known as a power supply unitor PSU) is a device or system that supplies electrical or other types of energy to an output load or group of loads. The term is most commonly applied to electrical energy supplies, less often to mechanical ones, and rarely to others.
The transformer steps up or steps down the input line voltage and isolates the power supply from the power line. The RECTIFIER section converts the alternating current input signal to a pulsating direct current. However, as you proceed in this chapter you will learn that pulsating dc is not desirable. For this reason a FILTER section is used to convert pulsating dc to a purer, more desirable form of dc voltage.
2.2.3.ACTUATION
Actuators are like the "muscles” of a mechanical arm, the parts which convert stored energy into movement. By far the most popular actuators are electric motors that spin a wheel or gear, and linear actuators that control industrial mechanical arm in factors. But there are some recent advances in alternative types of actuators, powered by electricity, chemicals, or compressed air.
2.2.4.MANIPULATION
Mechanical arm which must work in the real world require some way to manipulate objects; pick up, modify, destroy or otherwise have an effect Thus the 'hands' of a mechanical arm are often referred to as end effectors, while the arm is referred to as a manipulator. Most mechanical arm have replaceable effectors, each allowing them to perform some small range of tasks. Some have a fixed manipulator which cannot be replaced, while a few have one very general purpose manipulator, for example a humanoid hand.
2.2.5GRIPPER
Gripper is basic element which is the end effectors of the robot arm, which help to perform the operation .placing the gripper is decided based on the task which has to be performed. End-of-arm tooling (EOAT) is one of the most important parts of the robot. It is the part that basically acts like the robot’s hands. These robot grippers serve as the physical interface between the robot arm and the work piece.
There are four types of robotic grippers: vacuum grippers, pneumatic grippers, hydraulic grippers and servo-electric grippers. Manufacturers choose grippers based on the applications and type of material they use.
• MECHANICAL GRIPPER: One of the most common effectors is the gripper.
In its simplest manifestation it consist of just two liners which can open and close to pick up and let go of a range of small objects. Fingers can for example be made of a chain with a metal wire run through it.