14-06-2012, 04:40 PM
GRID COMPUTING
GRID PPT.ppt (Size: 326 KB / Downloads: 29)
INTRODUCTION
A method of harnessing the power of many computers in a network to solve problems requiring a large number of processing cycles and involving huge amounts of data.
While scalability, performance and heterogeneity are desirable goals for any distributed system, the characteristics of computational grids lead to security problems that are not addressed by existing security technologies for distributed systems.
REASONS FOR USING GRID COMPUTING
Exploiting underutilized resources
Parallel CPU capacity
Virtual resources and Virtual Organizations for Collaborations
EXPLOITING UNDERUTILIZED RESOURCES
The easiest use of grid computing is to run an existing application on a different machine.
The machine on which the application is normally run might be unusually busy due to an unusual peak in activity.
TWO PREREQUISTIES
The application must be executable remotely.
The remote machine must meet any special hardware, software, or resource requirements imposed by the application.
There are large amounts of underutilized computing resources.
Most desktop machines are busy less than 5 percent of the time. In some organizations, even the server machines can often be relatively idle.
Grid computing provides a framework for exploiting these underutilized resources and thus has the possibility of substantially increasing the efficiency of resource usage.
PARALLEL CPU CAPACITY
The potential for massive parallel CPU capacity is one of the most attractive features of a grid.
In addition to pure scientific needs, such computing power is driving a new evolution in industries. The common attribute in such industries have been written to use algorithms that can be partitioned into independently running parts.
A CPU intensive grid application can be thought of as many smaller “sub jobs,” each executing on a different machine in the grid.
To the extent that these sub jobs do not need to communicate with each other, the more “scalable” the application becomes.
A perfectly scalable application will, for example, finish 10 times faster if it uses 10 times the number of processors.
VIRTUAL RESOURCES AND VIRTUAL ORGANIZATIONS FOR COLLABORATION
In the past, distributed computing promised this collaboration and achieved it to some extent.
Grid computing takes these capabilities to an even wider audience, while offering important standards that enable very heterogeneous systems to work together to form the image of a large virtual computing system offering a variety of virtual resources.
RESOURCE BALANCING
This feature can prove invaluable for handling occasional peak loads of activity in parts of a larger organization.
An unexpected peak can be routed to relatively idle machines in the grid and if the grid is already fully utilized, the lowest priority work being performed on the grid can be temporarily suspended or even cancelled and performed again later to make room for the higher priority work.
SECURITY IN GRID COMPUTING
Single sign-on
Protection of credentials
Exportability
Support for secure group communication
authentications
CONCLUSION
Traditional computing environments don’t provide flexibility for sharing resources to form “virtual organizations”.
Grid computing provides a promising and efficient way of using computing and storage resources.