07-09-2016, 12:13 PM
1453457893-microelectroniccapsule.pptx (Size: 9.41 MB / Downloads: 4)
Introduction
A “Microelectronic pill” is a basically a multichannel sensor used for remote biomedical measurements using micro technology.
This has been developed for the internal study and detection of diseases and abnormalities in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract where restricted access prevents the use of traditional endoscope.
The measurement parameters for detection include real – time remote recording of temperature, pH, conductivity and dissolved oxygen in the GI tract.
Ion-selective Field Effect Transistor (ISFET
The ISFET measures pH.
It can reveal pathological conditions associated with abnormal pH levels
These abnormalities include :
Pancreatic disease
Hypertension
Inflammatory bowel disease
The activity of fermenting bacteria
The level of acid excretion
Reflux of oesophagus
Effect of GI specific drugs on target
organs.
Direct Contact Gold Electrode
The pair of direct contact Gold electrodes measures conductivity, by
measuring the contents of water & salt absorption,
bile secretion & the breakdown of organic components into charged colloids etc. in the GI tract.
Since the gold has best conductivity among all the elements, Therefore it gives true value of conductivity as measured.
3 Electrode Electrochemical Cell
The three electrode electrochemical cell detects the level of dissolved oxygen in solution.
It measures the oxygen gradient from the proximal to the distal GI Tract
It investigates :
Growth of aerobic or bacterial infection
Formation of radicals causing cellular injury & pathophysiological conditions like inflammation & Gastric ulceration.
It develops 1st generation enzymes linked with amperometric biosensors.
Control Chip
The ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit) is the control unit that connects together other components of the micro system.
It contains an analogue signal –conditioning module operating the sensors, 10-bit analogue to digital (ADC) & digital to analogue (DAC) converters, & digital data processing module.
The temperature circuitry bias the diode at constant current so that change in temperature reflects a corresponding change in in diode voltage.
The pH ISFET sensor is biased as a simple source at constant current with the source voltage changing with threshold voltage & pH.
Advantages
It is being beneficially used for disease detection & abnormalities in human body. There fore it is also called as MAGIC PILL FOR HEALTH CARE
Adaptable for use in corrosive & quiescent environment
It can be used in industries in evaluation of water quality, Pollution Detection, fermentation process control & inspection of pipelines.
Micro Electronic Pill utilizes a PROGRAMMABLE STANDBY MODE, So Power consumption is very less.
It has very small size, hence it is very easy for practical usage
High sensitivity, Good reliability & Life times.
Very long life of the cells(40 hours), Less Power, Current & Voltage requirement (12.1 mW, 3.9 mA, 3.1 V)
Less transmission length & hence has zero noise interference.