01-05-2012, 10:28 AM
Zigbee Wireless Sensor Network Technology Study for Paddy Crop Field Monitoring
Zigbee Wireless Sensor Network Technology Study for Paddy Crop Field Monitoring.pdf (Size: 314.2 KB / Downloads: 77)
ABSTRACT
Sensors are the hopeful device for precision agriculture. By
forming wireless sensor network we can make good monitoring
system in the paddy crop field area. This paper proposed
idea about monitoring the crop field area without man power.
The fundamental concept of this paper is to provide a highly
enabled monitoring of paddy crop field. In this paper we have
detailed about how to utilize the sensors in paddy crop field
area and explained about Wireless Sensor Network
(WSN), Zigbee technology, Protocol stack of zigbee. We
checked out the zigbee technology with two different
commercial modules (Xbow and Xbee).We did the analysis of
battery life under sensor deployed in the water conditions and
the evaluation of the reliability of communications and
measurements.
General Terms
GSM node, Xbow node, Xbee node
Keywords: Wireless Sensor Network, Zigbee, Crop Field
monitoring
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1Wireless Sensor Network
Wireless sensor network is a network in which several types of
sensor nodes are deployed. Wireless sensor network is scalable
and consumes very little power, software programmable and
fast data acquisition. A WSN (wireless sensor network)
generally consists of base station (or) gateway that can
communicate with a number of wireless sensors via a radio
link. WSN can eliminate the cost of installation, maintenance
and eliminates connectors [1].Wireless sensor networks are
used in many applications such as environmental monitoring,
habitat monitoring military surveillance, inventory, tracking,
smart spaces and all. Wireless sensor networks are essential for
monitoring the agricultural field area, such as paddy crop field
area, fruit field area for get real time datas. Gateway is used for
to connect separate networks. By using wireless sensor
network we can get real time datas such as temperature,
pressure, humidity.
1.2 Zigbee Technology
Zigbee is mainly famous for its mesh topology. In this crop field
monitoring we used mesh topology. The various sensed data
from various sensors goes to the central Global System for
Mobile (GSM) node. From that the sensed data is given to the
personal computer, which is used by a farmer [2], [3].Zigbee
is a low power wireless sensor network technology based
on IEEE 802.15 Zigbee operates in the industrial, scientific and
medical(ISM) radio bands. In paddy crop field monitoring we
used 2.4 GHZ operating frequency nodes for study purpose.
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Fig 1: Wireless sensor network
2. PROPOSED SYSTEM ARCHITECHTURE
The architecture of proposed system has several types of nodes
deployed in the paddy crop field area. It captures the
physical phenomenon such as pressure, humidity, water level,
temperature, pH can be monitoring in a paddy crop field
monitoring.
The sensed data from various places of crop field area
is transmitted to the central global system of mobile (GSM)
node or coordinator node. From that GSM node sensor the
datas are sending to the personal computer through gateway.
International Conference on VLSI, Communication & Instrumentation (ICVCI) 2011
Proceedings published by International Journal of Computer Applications® (IJCA)
2
PADDY CROP FIELD AREA
Fig 2: Real time paddy crop field monitoring using zigbee
A Gateway is the device which can be used to connect two
networks of different protocols. Some systems require a
gateway or coordinator to establish time synchronization.
From that gateway the datas are sending to the personal
computer .
A server is connected to the database, which having
minimum and maximum threshold values of temperature,
water level, Ph level. If the sensed data attends maximum or
minimum threshold levels stored in the data base, the alarm
unit will give alarm sound to the farmer and also we can make
message deliver to the farmer mobile. From that the farmer
may get attention about the crop field.
2.1 Flow Chart
In paddy crop field we have to irrigate the water full area of the
land. After some periods of farming it is not need to irrigate the
water fully to the crop field land .We have to irrigate the water
depending upon the soil, ups and downs of the land and have to
irrigate the water where it needs. In present era there is no
mechanism for Irrigate the water where it will be need. In this
project we make zigbee wireless sensor network for monitoring
the crop field area by deploying water sensors in the land and
detect the places, where the water level is low[4].
From those results we irrigate the water to that place only.
From the above methodology we can save the water and
minimize the problem of water logging in the land. We used
humidity sensor to sense the weather. From that the farmer can
get idea about the climate. If there is any chance arise for
rainfall farmer need not irrigate the water to the crop field. It
gets water from naturally by rainfall. Because of that we can
save the water and also power due to reduce the running of
motors [4].
Nowadays in the crops the fertilizer level is increasing, due to
that more problems arise to the people. By using pH Sensors
we get the information about the soil and we can get and
analyze the acid level of the soil. From that we can put
fertilizer to the place where it needs. From that we can avoid
over fertilization of the crops.
Temperature is a randomly varying quantity in the environment
of paddy field. Temperature reading sometimes gives more
helpful to the farmer. By using temperature sensors we can
detect the temperature, from that we can irrigate the water to
the crop field area [4].
International Conference on VLSI, Communication & Instrumentation (ICVCI) 2011
Proceedings published by International Journal of Computer Applications® (IJCA)
3
Fig 3: Flow chart
3. COMMERCIAL ZIGBEE MOTES:
We used two different types of ZigBee motes: Xbee-PRO
(Xbee) and Crossbow (Xbow). In Xbow s y s t e m , o n e
sensor n o d e (transmitter), and one base station (receiver),
has been tested and in xbee-PRO system four zigbee nodes has
been tested.
The Xbow motes are having microcontroller board (Micaz) with
sovereign transducer board (MTS420) attached by means of a
52 pin connector. The Micaz mote works with the Tiny
Operating System (TinyOS).
Micaz has a radio device Chipcon CC2420 operated with 2.4
GHz and data rate of 250 Kbps. The Radio Frequency power
in the Micaz can be vary from -24 dBm to 0 dBm. Two AA
alkaline batteries are used for to give power supply. For some
of the experiments, we were used two D type batteries.
The transducer board hosts a variety of
sensors: That are;
Temperature and relative humidity (Sensirion SHT),
Light intensity (TAOS TSL2550D), barometric
pressure (Intersema MS5534B),
Easily r emo ved t w o -axis a c c e l e r o me t e r
(ADXL202JE) and GPS (Leadtek GPS-9546).
A laptop is used as the receiver module,
and communicates with the nodes through a Micaz
mounted on the MIB520 Zigbee/USB gateway board.
The XBee-PRO RF module works with the Zigbee/IEEE
802.15.4. The configuration can be changed by using AT
commands (Hayes command set). According to the
manufacturer, it uses 60 mW (18 dBm), 100 mW EIRP
(Equivalent isotropic ally radiated power) power output (up to
1.6 km range) [5], [6].