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Abstract: Personal Tracking Systems are the tracking devices specially built up for personal information. The person
takes it with him and the information of where he is presently is provided. The same system has been implemented in
this mobile tracking application i.eTrackMeApp but various extended features that the existing system does not have.
This system is GPS enabled android mobile phone whose location is tracked. Our application provides the functionality
of defining the geo-fence areas as safe, risky and highly risky.
INTRODUCTION
Various GPS-based tracking systems have been successfully deployed and utilized in various applications such as fleet
and vehicle location identification, and in route guidance. Recently, systems that integrate GPS and GSM technologies
with Google earth to provide real-time data have also been proposed. However, for indoors and closed environments
GPS systems fall short and it becomes difficult to acquire the necessary satellites for accurate position computation.
Some of the alternate techniques that are proposed for indoor location tracking include the integration of Bluetooth
technology with 3G networks. The proposed solution suggests that Bluetooth terminals can exchange information with
each other and then a Bluetooth access point provides the interface to a mobile network. In their solution they presumed
that Bluetooth fixed infrastructures are expected to be installed in offices, homes and public areas which is not the case
nowadays. The implementation of a mobile indoor application that delivers maps and linked database information to
indoor wireless devices such as mobile phones and PDAs. Users would then interact with the web pages on their
phones while viewing floor plans around their current location, searching for an office or a classroom.
In today’s world, child’s safety is a major concern. It becomes difficult for the parents to keep track of their children all
the time they are away from home. Hence a need arises to provide a way to do so in order to ensure child’s safety. This
application is of interest to the parents and police department to restrict the roaming of a mobile user to a predefined
geographical boundary. If mobile user breaches this boundary, then a alert message containing mobile’s current
location is sent to register mobile phone numbers and email ids.
II. OBJECTIVES
The application aims at providing a simple way-out for ensuring the child’s safety all the while he is by his own. The
main objectives of this application are as follows:
The application would provide the ability to divide interested geo-graphical area into different sub zones (e.g. safe,
risky, highly risky etc.) and based on breaching of these zones a different alert message would be sent to registered
users.
The application would also provide the ability to automatically send a message to registered users with mobile’s
current location after user configured time interval.
On geographical boundary breach, the application would warn user in the form of a message with beep so that
mobile user would also be well informed about risk associated with his/her movement.
LITERATURE REVIEW
A. Global Positioning System
Global Positioning System (GPS) is a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) developed by the United States
Department of Defence. It is the only fully functional GNSS in the world. It uses a constellation of between 24 and 32
Medium Earth Orbit satellites that transmit precise microwave signals, which enable GPS receivers to determine
their current location, the time, and their velocity. Its official name is NAVSTARGPS. GPS is often used by civilians as
a navigation system. A GPS receiver calculates its position by precisely timing the signals sent by the GPS satellites high above the Earth. Each satellite continually transmits messages containing the time the message was sent, precise
orbital information, and the general system health and rough orbits of all GPS satellites.
In general, a GPS receiver uses information from the GPS satellites orbiting the earth to calculate its current location.
The GPS system contains 27 satellites that continually orbit the earth, transmitting information to would-be receivers.
Each satellite follows a defined path, ensuring that at least four satellites are “visible” from any point on earth at any
given time. Being able to have a “line of sight” to at least four satellites is necessary to determine location using GPS.
Figure 1 shows a depiction of the GPS satellite constellation.
Each GPS satellite in the constellation continuously transmits its current position (ephemeris data) and almanac data.
The almanac data includes data about each satellite in the constellation, including orbiting data as well as information
about the overall state of the system as a whole. To say it another way, ephemeris data is information about a single
satellite, and almanac data is information about every satellite. Every satellite transmits both. Though both the
ephemeris data and almanac data provide location data for a given satellite, the ephemeris data provides accuracy for
location calculation.
To calculate its location, a GPS receiver must be able to determine its distance from multiple satellites. It does this
using the ephemeris data. Included in the data that is transmitted from the satellite, along with the position data, is the
time at which the transmission started. Each GPS satellite contains highly accurate timekeeping mechanism that allows
the satellite to keep its time in sync with the rest of the satellites. To produce an accurate location calculation, the GPS
satellites and GPS receivers must have their clocks highly synchronized. Even the slightest difference in time can cause
large errors when computing location.
Using the transmission start time, the GPS receiver can calculate the time it took for the transmission to be received
(the receiver knows when the transmission ended). This calculation is made with the assumption that the radio waves
that transmit the data travel at the speed of light in a vacuum (which is not always the case). Using the start time, end
time, and a constant for the speed of light, a GPS receiver can calculate the distance of the satellite from the receiver.
Using the distance from multiple satellites, the GPS receiver can triangulate its current location. Essentially, the point at
which all the spheres intersect is the location of the receiver. A minimum of three satellites is needed to determine a
two-dimensional location (latitude and longitude).
Communications from additional satellites allow a GPS receiver to determine additional positional information such as
altitude. A GPS receiver will not limit itself to only four satellites. In general as the number of satellites from which the
receiver can receive data increases, so does the accuracy of the location (there is an upper limit, however).
GPS is useful for determining current location, but it does have some drawbacks (especially for mobile platforms), one
of which is the time it can take to calculate the current position. Before the location can be calculated, multiple
satellites must be found. Many satellites are orbiting the earth, but only a handful can be “seen” at any given time
because most will be below the horizon and blocked by the earth (remember, a line of sight is needed). The almanac
used by the GPS system can provide assistance in determining which satellites should be used for a given location at a
given time. However, if the GPS does not have a relatively current almanac, it will need to have the almanac data
transmitted by a GPS satellite. This can be a slow process.
GPS consists of three segments - the satellite constellation, ground control network, and user equipment.
Space segment - The satellite constellations that provide the ranging signals and navigation data messages to the
user equipment.
Control segment - ground control network which tracks and maintains the satellite constellation by monitoring satellite
health and signal integrity and maintaining satellite orbital configuration.
User segment - user equipment.
B. Google Map API
To develop application Java ME platform will be used. Java ME is a development tool which enables to develop
programs for different mobile phones. As a background map Google Maps will be used. Google Maps API for Java ME
is available on the internet.
The coordinates of users will be taken from GPS and interpreted. After getting latitude and longitude values, location of
users are represented on map by symbols. User will be able to zoom in and out of map. In addition he will be able to
look around using directions which might be set differently for different mobile phones such as using fingers for smart
phones and number for other phones.
Through the known geographic position, this application enables the user to track a mobile device and send alerts if it is
out of the radius around an interest point, previously defined by the application administrator. The advantages of this
technology is by using existing equipments and free services like Google maps and GPS, we can construct a very
reliable location tracking system. The basis of this program is GPS.
METHODOLOGY
We intend to develop an application which tracks the mobiles location and if the location is outside the security zone
that is the zones are divided into three priority regions. The priority regions are safe, risky and highly risky. So if the
mobile’s location co-ordinates are found breaching the priority zones, an alert message is sent to the number which is
registered for receiving the alert message.