20-09-2016, 03:15 PM
1455427768-Nanorobots.docx (Size: 745.43 KB / Downloads: 4)
.Abstract:
Nowadays medical science is more and moreimproving with the blessings of new scientific discoveries.Nanotechnology is such a field which is changing vision ofmedical science. New automated procedures are being discoveredwith new aspects of self guidednanorobots. A nanorobot is anexcellent tool for future medicine. We can envision a day whenyou could inject billions of these nanorobots that would floataround in your body. Nanorobots could carry and deliver drugs into defected cells. Manyscientists working on this bright field of nanorobotic especially on Alzheimer disease and cancer treatments. Theresearchers are also working on nanomanipulation,nanopositioning and also on the nano-level control systems. The nanorobots operate in a virtual environment withnerve signals carrying nerve impulses.
II.Introduction:
The essence of nanotechnology is the ability to work at the molecular level, atom by atom, to create large structures with fundamentally new molecular organization. The aim is to exploit these properties by gaining control of structures and devices at atomic, molecular, and supramolecular levels and to learn to efficiently manufacture and use these devices. A nanorobot is an extremely small robot designed to perform a specific task with precision at nano-scale. They are also known as nanorobots or nanoids. The design of nanorobots is derived from biological models of bacteria. Carbon
will likely be the principle element used in construction of nanorobots and comprised probably in the form of diamond/ diamonded (includes pure diamond and crystalline allotrope of carbon) or fullerene nanocomposites.
Nanorobots can be made of mechanical parts such as bearing, gears, motors etc. The outer shell of nanorobots is likely to be constructed using diamonded material due to their inert properties, high thermal conductivity and strength. The super-smooth surfaces could reduce the chances of triggering the body’s immune system. The nanoscale gears and other components designed for special purposes could be constructed using elements like hydrogen, sulfur, oxygen, nitrogen, silicon etc.
III.History:
In 1986, K. Eric Drexler introduced the idea of injecting the small robots into the human body [4]. This idea was designed and simulated as medical nanorobots that could transverse in human body by Robert A. Freitas. Respirocytes (artificial mechanical red blood cell),Microbivores (artificial mechanical white blood cell) and Clottocytes (artificial platelets) were designed by Robert A. Freitas. The respirocyte is designed as an artificial mechanical red blood cell for the exchange of the oxygen and carbon dioxide, the Microbivores is designed as an artificial mechanical white blood cell for identifying and digesting pathogens and the clottocyte is designed as an artificial platelet for assisting in primary hemostasis by release of the mesh from clottocyte to the site of injury.
“Nanorobots” will be the nanomachines, that will repair the damage which accumulates as a result of metabolism (being alive) by performing nanorobotic therapeutic procedures on each of the ~75 trillion cells that comprise the human body. The substructures involved in construction of nanorobot involve onboard power supply, sensors, Nanocomputer, pumps, manipulators and pressure tanks [9]. Some of the desirable characteristics to be found in a nanorobot includes - swarm intelligence, Self-assembly & replication, Nano-information processing & programmability and Nano to macro world interface architecture [2]. The application of nanorobots in medicine offers a new range of tools for the treatment of disease and also in improvising human biological system.The other nanoids, nanites, nanomachines, or nanomites have also been used to describe these devices currently under research and development.
IV.What is Nanorobots?
Nanorobots are of special interest to researchers in the medical industry. This has given rise to the field of nanomedicine. It has been suggested that a fleet of nanorobots might serve as antibodies or antiviral agents in patients with compromised immune systems, or in diseases that do not respond to more conventional measures. There are numerous other potential medical applications, including repair of damaged tissue, unblocking of arteries affected by plaques, and perhaps the construction of complete replacement body organs.
A major advantage of nanorobots is thought to be their durability. In theory, they can remain operational for years, decades, or centuries. Nanoscale systems can also operate much faster than their larger counterparts because displacements are smaller; this allows mechanical and electrical events to occur in less time at a given speed.
The names Nanobots, nanoids, nanites, nanomachines, or nanomites have also been used to describe these devices currently under research and development. Nanomachines are largely in the research and development phase, but some primitive molecular machines and nanomotors have been tested.
V.Rolemodel of
Nanorobot:
Nanorobots are not invented by thinkings,it is implemented by copying the model of bacterias,viruses..,,
A.Bacteria based-Nanorobots:
This approach proposes the use of biological microorganisms, like the bacterium Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium.Thus the model uses a flagellum for propulsion purposes.