29-01-2013, 10:43 AM
NON-CONVENTIONAL ENERGY SOURCE
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ABSTRACT
Modern life presents several alternatives at every stage. The media inundates us with new products- plasma TV’s, flat screens …. For each product there are numerous alternatives highlighted by attractive advertising and aggressive marketing. Alternatives with new features are created by companies in order to sell their products. Unlike these alternatives, we will see that there is a real need for alternative energy sources. What do we understand by alternative energy sources? In order to understand this, we should understand what the existing or conventional energy use pattern is. In order to see the scarcity less society we are also implementing new methods for production of electricity. A part of new production, Bioelectricity is one to produce the electricity from biomasses. In this presentation we want to say about the production of electricity, advantages, and disadvantages in the bioelectric plant.
INTRODUCTION
Energy is nighter created nor be destroyed But it is converted from one form to another form this is called energy conservation. But we should use in a perfect manner to make use of it.
BIOMASSES:-
(i) Biomass in its traditional solid mass (wood and agriculture residue) and (ii) biomass in non-traditional form (converted into liquid- fuels). The first category is to burn the biomass directly and get the energy. In the second category, the biomass is converted into ethanol (ethyl alcohol) and methanol (methyl-alcohol) to be used as liquid fuels engines. The third category is to ferment the biomass an aerobically obtain a gaseous fuel called bio-gas. It is about this bio gas technology detailed discussion will be given in subsequent article. Biomass includes wood waste and bagasse, which have potential of generating substantial electric power. All these bio-mass are highly dispersed and bulky and contain large amounts of water (50 to 90 per cent). Thus, it is not economical to transport them over long distances, and conversion into usable energy must take place close to the source, which is limited to particular regions. However, biomass can be converted to liquid or gaseous fuels, thereby increasing its energy density and making feasible transportation over long distances.
Terrestrial crops include (1) sugar crops such as sugarcane and sweet sorghum ; (2) herbaceous crops, which are non-woody plants that are easily converted into liquid or gaseous fuels ; and (3) silviculture (forestry) plants such as cultured hybrid poplar, sycamore, sweet gum, alder, eucalyptus, and other hard woods. Current research focuses on the screening and identification of species that are available for short- rotation growing and on the optimum techniques for planting, fertilize-. Ton, harvesting, and conversion.
Biomass Conversion Technologies
A wide variety of conversion technologies is available for manufacturing premium fuels from biomass (see table 7.2.1). Some are simple and well understood like digestion and fermentation ; others like gasification have been tested in large pilot plants and are now being commercialized.
Each biomass resource—wood, dung, vegetable waste can be treated in many different ways to provide a wide spectrum of useful products. Domestic refuse, for example, can be dried and burnt to provide heat or converted into low calorific value gas by ‘pyrolysis’ (heating without air). Alternatively, it can be stirred into a slurry and digested to yield methane. Like-wise, liquid and gaseous fuels such as methanol and methane can be manufactured by several different routes and from a variety of feedstock.
The choice of the process is determined by a number of factor— location of the resource and its physical condition, the economics of competing processes, and the availability of a suitable market for the product.
Biomass conversion, or simply bio conversion can take many forms: (1) direct combustion, such as wood waste and bagasse (sugarcane refuge), (2) thermo chemical conversion, and (3) biochemical conversion.
PROCEDURE:
Mainly we use husk, maize, maize leaf, groundnut shell sawdust, cotton stack, red gram stack as the raw material for production of heat
From this heat is produced then we have to take water and the taken water is chemically reduced means in the PH-value by adding some chemicals and this water is heated from the heat produced by burning of raw materials .Actually the boiling point of water is 100centegrade but this water is heated up to 485cc and 65guages pressure and this steam is used to rotate the turbine at 9000rpm.This 9000rpm speed is reduced to 1500rpm and supplied to the machine then the A.C. current will be produced by the rotation of turbine.
Minimum of 6M.V.is produced in a Bio-Electrical plant for producing M.V.we need 40.2towns of raw material in small power plant the minimum of 8towns of raw material is used for producing the heat. This produced A.C. current is transferred to sub station which is having the capacity of 33M.V. and this is supplied to the house hold uses.
BACKGROUND :-
Actually we are using river water to rotate the turbine and to produce electricity from olden days .We can see the projects near Nagarjunasagar, Srisailum e.t.c……….
Now a days around 10to15 years we are using this Bio-Electrical plants for production of electricity because the power produced by “Thermal Energy” is not sufficient now a days due to more use of electric power in industries and for other uses.
Before this is started in INDIA this process is mainly followed in Belgium, France and other western countries. In Belgium this process started in1989, this process is mainly used in Australia and America.