14-11-2012, 12:17 PM
NON CONVENTIONAL ENERGY SOURCES WASTE TO ELECTRICAL ENERGY (WTEE) TECHNOLOGY GENERATING WEALTH FROM GARBAGE
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ABSTRACT
What happened on May, 2004 in Mumbai?
Due to failure of local grid, The business capital of India jammed for hours. Being largest railway network city, even the locals also stick to tracks. This incident shows the human connection with electricity. Electrical energy is an essential ingredient for all activities, as well as the lifeblood of economies throughout the world. It plays a vital role for economic growth and quality life improvements: with the increase in population of the world. The demand for power has gradually increased. Hence the burden on the countries, especially developing countries like India have increased to meet the demands in the present day. Most of the demands are met by conventional sources such as fossil fuels, hydal, nuclear power etc.
The use of these sources have not only resulted in their depletion. But also increased the population. Hence there is a great need for improving technology in the use of non-conventional sources of energy which could greatly decrease the environmental needs and which would assure the future needs particles to rural people at affordable rates.
This paper presents an overview of waste to electrical energy technology The basic concept and different features of WTEE is described. It includes the various processes to produce Refused Desire Fuel (RDF), its characteristics and classifications. This shows the solution to disposal of municipal and agricultural solid waste which is an increasing problem today and the developments and goals are described.
RESOURCE RECOVERY
For the foreseeable future, the disposal of municipal and agriculture solid waste will continue to be an increasing problem. This waste is either composed, land filled, recycled or converted to some form of energy but we have another option called as Resource Recovery. Recovering the energy from municipal and agricultural solid waste. And using this energy for power production by Incineration and Biomethanisation. Under this resource recovery we have three options for power production.
PROCESSED SOLID WASTE COMBUSTION
Under this process Refused Derived Fuel (RDF) is used. The solid waste are subjects to various process to improve their physical & chemical properties. These processes include drying, comminution, densification, physical separation and chemical modification.
SOLID WASTE LIQUID / GAS CONVERTION TECHNOLOGY
These technologies convert solid waste into either liquid or gas fuels. This fuel can then be burned in a conventional manner.
PROCESSED SOLID WASTE COMBUSTION
The WTEE technology identified in this subsection are refused derived fuel which has been processed from MSW. Due to having improved combustion characteristics and emition characteristics and easy preparation. We prefer this processed solid waste combustion.
REFUSED DERIVED FUEL-PREPARATION
Following are the unit operations of the process of refinement of MSW. These are Material handling, size reduction, Drying, Cyclone separation.
STEP I
The picked MSW is then allowed into the premises of the plant over a sorting conveyor to allow manual separation of unwanted material like stones, rubber glass etc and also a magnetic separator for elimination of Iron objects.
STEP II
The manually sorted out MSW is then passed to a homonegeniser for segregating the MSW over a screen, which will pass material to the Primary crusher.
STEP III
The screened MSW is fed to an impact or for disintegration of the MSW in to small pieces .There is no limit on the input size. The moisture will be high. It may contain some sand and silt, which may have some abrasion affect and corrosion affect.
POWER PRODUCTION
The specific processed fuel (RDF) which produced from above process is used to fire in specially design furnaces like Traveling grate furnace, Spreader stoker fired boiler, and Suspension fired boiler and Fluidized bed combustor for production of steam. This steam can be used to run Turbine which is mechanically coupled with Generator which produces Electrical power.
WTEE –SOCIO ECONOMIC PROJECT
Waste to electrical energy is the best alternative comparing to other conventional and non-conventional sources. This is mass reliable and cheap source. WTEE won’t give any harmful pollutents and it decreases the problem of waste disposal and decomposition of waste. This WTEE system can aid in saving a lot of urban land, which is wasted. And this is the system among the other non–conventional sources, which is more reliable. This WTEE is the only solution to meet our future needs. According to Central Pollutions Control Board (CPCB) the per capita generation of MSW per head is 350 gms. From this statistics being second largest population country our India won’t get any power scarcity if we use this WTEE technology.
CONCLUSION
With the above discussion we conclude that this WTEE technology is the better solution. Being second largest population country the demand has drastically increased. And most of our Indian villages still unelectrified. According to CPCB studies in India 70% of cities won’t have sufficient facilities for transportation of MSW. By using this WTEE we can avoid the MSW disposal problem and we can save a lot of money which is going to be wasted for transporting to outer yards of cities and a
lot of urban land which is wasted under dump yards.
Not only in cities, this WTEE technology is also suitable for rural villages where Agricultural and solid waste is abundant.