24-07-2014, 09:53 AM
GLOBAL ISSUES
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1 INTRODUCTION
Green engine is the internal combustion engine with some or major modifications in its parts and design. Today world is facing the major problems regarding energy crisis. This is caused due to limited fuel resources available around us like petroleum products, coal, natural gas etc. Along with this we are facing major environmental trouble due to increase in harmful gases which are evolved from nowhere else but the combustion of these conventional energy sources. Major portion of fuels is burnt in the engines used for various purposes like main generators, power plants etc.
The green engine is one of the most interesting discoveries of the new millennium. It has got some unique features that were used for the first time in the making of engines. This engine is a piston less one with features like sequential variable compression ratio, direct air intake, direct fuel injection, multi-fuel usage etc. The efficiency of this engine is high when compared to the contemporary engines and also the exhaust emissions are near zero. The significance of the engine lies in the efficiency when the present world conditions of limited resources of energy are considered.
Prototypes of the engine have been developed. Generators have been produced with the green engine. So to reduce the environmental hazards only way is to use energy in the way it will not harm environment. This need have evolved the newer designs of engines. Green Engine is one of these concept and really practicable and effective.Also, this situation is fast growing with more than 50 million vehicles to be produced annually all over the world and place into the market. However, at is estimate that petroleum reserve in the globe will last for only 38 years . The situation is really very grim.
2 GLOBAL ISSUES
Everyday radios, newspapers, televisions and the internet warn us of energy exhaustion, atmospheric pollution and hostile climatic conditions. After few hundred years of industrial development, we are facing these global problems while at the same time we maintain a high standard of living. The most important problem we are faced with is whether we should continue “developing” or “die”.Coal, petroleum, natural gas, water and nuclear energy are the five main energy sources that have played important roles and have been widely used by human beings.The United Nations Energy Organization names all of them “elementary energies”, as well as “conventional energies”
Direct Air Intake
Direct air intake means that there is no air inlet pipe, throttle and inlet valves on the air intake system. Air filter is directly connected to the intake port of the engine, and together with the less heating effect of air intake process, benefited from lower temperature of independent intake chamber, a highest volumetric efficiency which makes engine produce a high torque of output on all speed range is achieved . The pump loss which consumes the part of engine power is eliminated .Also fuel measuring facilities are built-in,and parts are saved.
4 Fuel Injection
Direct fuel injection can provide higher output and torque, while at the same time it also enhances the response for acceleration.Since the independent air-fuel mixing phase is having enough time for mixing air and fuel under strong swirling and hot situation, the engine is capable to burn any liquid or gas fuels without modifications. An ideal air-fuel mixture could delete CO emission. Also centrifugal effect coming from both strong swirling and rotation of the burner makes the air-fuel mixture more dense near the spark plug. It benefits to cold starting and managing lean-burning.The shape of combustion chamber herein can be designed as global as possible. Thus, a lowest surface to is obtained, and the engine is having less heat losses and high combustion efficiency.
Volume Combustion
The fuels can generate more energy while the combustion occurs on the constant volume. Also, the constant volume combustion technology can allow the engine to have a stable combustion when the lean burning is managed. Moreover, more water can be added in to make the much higher working pressure and drop down the combustion temperature, so power is added; heat losses and NOxemissions are decreased
3.7 Multi-Power Pulses
The green engine operates on multi-power pulses with a small volume of working chamber contrasted to the conventional engine dose on the single power pulse with a large working chamber. Obviously, a small volume of chamber only needs little space, resulting in compact structure and limited size. Also, a small amount of air-fuel mixtures being ignited on each power pulse can greatly cut down explosion noise.
3.8 High Working Temperature
Because the burner, which is made of high heat resistance and low expansion rate material, such as ceramic, operates without cooling, a relatively high working temperature can eliminate the quenching zone which is the main source of emission and can greatly reduce the heat losses in the combustion chamber.
3.9 High Expansion Ratio
High expansion ratio can make the burnt gases to release much more power. In other words, the waste gases while they run out of the engine are only bringing much less energy with them. Therefore, the engine’s thermal efficiency is greatly raised, and at the same time, the noise and temperature of the exhaust are tremendously dropped.
3.10 Self-Adapting Sealing System
This is another revolutionary innovation applied in the Green engine: it can eliminate a number of seal plates or strips to achieve gapless seal and to provide most efficient and reliable sealing system with less friction.As major moving parts, vanes which are counted in little mass and operated symmetrically, the performance of the engine is very smooth. Hence, vibrations are eliminated.Use of modular design is the best way for engine mass production. Thus stacking of rotors easily extends range of available power
7CONCLUSIONS
The Green engine’s prototypes have been recently developed, and also because of the unique design, limitations have not been determined to any extent. But even in the face of limitations if any, the Green engine is sure to serve the purpose to a large extent.
The concept engine is intended to follow Beau de Rochas principles withmethanol as the preferred fuel. In the concept engine, high-octane fuels are preferred because higher engine efficiencies can be attained with these fuels. Higher efficiencies mean less fuel consumption and lower atmospheric emissions per unit of work produced by the engine.
Unfortunately, present engine technologies are primarily13 the result of thecentury-long development of the petroleum-fueled, Otto cycle engine.14 These engines were designed for low-octane fuels and are not well-suited to high efficiency operation with high-octane fuels. The concept engine is an engine, which, by design, operates most efficiently with high-octane fuels like methanol by separating the engine functions.