14-05-2013, 04:14 PM
RICE MILL & POHA MILL INDUSTRY
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INTRODUCTION:
Rice is the staple food for 65% of the population in India. It is the largest consumed calorie source among the food grains. With a per capita availability of 73.8 kg it meets 31% of the total calorie requirement of the population. India is the second largest producer of rice in the world next to China. The all India area, production, and yield of rice in the year 2001-02 was 44.62 million hectares, 93.08 million tonnes and 2086 kg/ ha respectively. In India paddy occupies the first place both in area and production. The crop occupies about 37 % of the total cropped area and 44% (2001-02 position) of total production of food grains in India. West Bengal is the leading producer of paddy in the country. It accounts for 16.39% of the total production, and the other leading states are Uttar Pradesh (13.38%), Andhra Pradesh (12.24%), Punjab (9.47%), Orissa (7.68%) and Tamil Nadu (7.38%); the remaining states account for 33.45% of the production. India is also one of the leading exporters of rice in the world market. India's export of rice stood at 23.89 lakh MT in 1997-98. The corresponding value of foreign exchange earned was to the tune of Rs. 3371.00 crore in 1997-98. Indian Basmati Rice has been a favorite among international rice buyers. Following liberalization of international trade after World Trade Agreement, Indian rice will become highly competitive and has been identified as one of the major commodities for export. This provides us with ample opportunity for development of rice based value-added products for earning more foreign exchange. Apart from rice milling, processing of rice bran for oil extraction is also an important agro processing activity for value addition, income and employment generation.
Description of Rice Milling Operation:
Paddy in its raw form cannot be consumed by human beings. It needs to be suitably processed for obtaining rice. Rice milling is the process, which helps in removal of hulls and barns from paddy grains to produce polished rice. Rice forms the basic primary processed product obtained from paddy and this is further processed for obtaining various secondary and tertiary products.
Process Definition
1. Pre Cleaning: Removing all impurities and unfilled grains from paddy
2. De-stoning: Separating small stones from paddy
3. Parboiling (Optional): Helps in improving the nutritional quality by gelatinization of starch inside the rice grain. It improves the milling recovery percent during deshelling and polishing / whitening operation
4. Husking: Removing husk from paddy
5. Husk Aspiration: Separating the husk from brown rice/ unhusked paddy
6. Paddy Separation: Separating the unhusked paddy from brown rice
7. Whitening: Removing all or part of the bran layer and germ from brown rice
8. Polishing: Improving the appearance of milled rice by removing the remaining bran particles and by polishing the exterior of the milled kernel
9. Length Grading: Separating small and large brokens from head rice
Status of Rice Milling Units in India:
Rice milling is the oldest and the largest agro processing industry of the country. At present it has a turn over of more than 25,500/- crore per annum. It processes about 85 million tonnes of paddy per year and provides staple food grain and other valuable products required by over 60% of the population. Paddy grain is milled either in raw condition or after par-boiling, mostly by single hullers of which over 82,000 are registered in the country. Apart from it there are also a large number of unregistered single hulling units in the country. A good number (60 %) of these are also linked with par-boiling units and sun -drying yards. Most of the tiny hullers of about 250-300 kg/hr capacities are employed for custom milling of paddy. Apart from it double hulling units number over 2,600 units, underrun disc shellers cum cone polishers numbering 5,000 units and rubber roll shellers cum friction polishers numbering over 10,000 units are also present in the country. Further over the years there has been a steady growth of improved rice mills in the country. Most of these have capacities ranging from 2 tonnes /hr to 10 tonnes/ hr.
Need for improved rice mills:
The recovery of whole grains in a traditional rice mill using steel hullers for dehusking is around 52-54%. There is excessive loss in the form of coarse and fine brokens. Further loss of large portion of endosperm layers during the dehusking operation further accentuates the problem. Against it, the recovery percent of whole grains in modern rice mills using rubber roll shellers for dehusking operation is around 62-64%. The whole grain recovery percent further increases to 66-68% in case of milling of parboiled paddy. Thus it can be seen that there is an overall improvement of recovery of whole grains by about 10-14% if one uses rubber roll shellers for rice milling operations.
INTRODUCTION
Poha is made from paddy and is a very popular product throughout the country and is consumed in sizeable quantity throughout the year. It is primarily a snack item which is very easy to make even at a short notice. People of all age groups enjoy preparations made from it and they are easy to digest. It can be fried with spices and chilly to make hot and tasty dish or it can also be mixed with milk and sugar to make sweet preparation.
PRODUCTS
Poha is made from paddy and hence it is easy to digest. Spicy or sweet preparations are made from it in the category of fast food. Rice is soaked in water and then roasted to make poha and thus the product has longer shelf life. This product can be produced in any part of the country as paddy is grown in almost all states. Madhya Pradesh is considered as most preferred location as the Paddy grown here is ideal for Poha.
MANUFACTURING PROCESS
It is conventional and very well standardised. Paddy is cleaned and graded to remove impurities and then it is soaked in hot water for about 45 minutes. After drying, it is roasted to make flakes. These flakes are passed through sieves to remove unwanted materials and to obtain flakes of fairly even size. Finally, they are packed. During the process, yield of even sized flakes is about 60 - 65%, whereas process loss and wastages account for 5%. Balance 30 % is Husk, which is used in the Roaster.
Raw Material
The all-important material is paddy of the desired quality. It is grown in ample quantity in the state but it is advisable to have some firm supply arrangements beforehand to ensure timely supply during lean period. Gunny bags will be required for packing of finished goods.
PRESENT PROPOSAL
The Government has introduced "Custom Milling” which means milling of paddy, not belonging to the miller, into rice in his rice mill on payment of milling charges in cash or in kind; the success of any Industry depends primarily into two factors. One is availability of Raw material and secondly the assured market for the Finished Goods produced. The introduction of Custom Milling have helped Rice Milling Industry in both this aspect as the paddy is provided by Government which is milled into Rice by the Rice Millers and is delivered back to the Government for a consideration of fix milling charges. Thus the Rice Mills are nowadays prospering through Government Policy.
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
The promoters of have chosen Industrial area located at Richhai Industrial Area, which is central place for raw material availability and finished goods sale. The site is situated near to national highway ensuring no transportation bottleneck. The product proposed to be manufactured is sold within Jabalpur and nearby areas and are having great demand. The Investment in Plant & machinery will qualify for Capital Subsidy under credit linked capital subsidy scheme. With their wide experience in business and good relationship with various Government Departments and Industries, they will be in position to install & run the Proposed Industry efficiently and thus will be able to increase overall profitability of group.