28-03-2014, 04:36 PM
OPTIMAL DG PLACEMENT FOR MAXIMUM LOSS REDUCTION IN RADIAL DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM USING ABC ALGORITHM
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ABSTRACT
Distributed Generation (DG) is a promising solution to many power system problems such as voltage
regulation, power loss, etc. This paper presents a new methodology using a new population based meta
heuristic approach namely Artificial Bee Colony algorithm(ABC) for the placement of Distributed
Generators(DG) in the radial distribution systems to reduce the real power losses and to improve the
voltage profile. A two-stage methodology is used for the optimal DG placement . In the first stage, single
DG placement method is used to find the optimal DG locations and in the second stage, ABC algorithm is
used to find the sizes of the DGs corresponding to maximum loss reduction. The proposed method is tested
on standard IEEE 33-bus test system and the results are presented and compared with different approaches
available in the literature. The proposed method has outperformed the other methods in terms of the quality
of solution and computational efficiency.
INTRODUCTION
Distributed generation is small-scale power
generation that is usually connected to or
embedded in the distribution system. The term
DG also implies the use of any modular
technology that is sited throughout a utility’s
service to lower the cost of service [1]. The
benefits of DG are numerous [2, 3] and the
reasons for implementing DGs are rational use of
energy, deregulation policy, diversification of
energy sources, ease of finding sites for smaller
generators, shorter construction times and lower
capital costs of smaller plants and proximity of
the generation plant to heavy loads. The
reduction in gaseous emissions (mainly CO2)
offered by DGs is major legal driver for DG
implementation [4]. Numerous studies used
different approaches to evaluate the benefits
from DGs to a network in the form of loss
reduction, loading level reduction [6-8].
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
First load flow is conducted for IEEE 33-bus
test system. The power loss due to active
component of current is 136.9836 kW and power
loss due to reactive component of the current is
66.9252 kW. A program is written in
“MATLAB” to implement single DG placement
algorithm . For the first iteration the maximum
saving is occurring at bus 6. The candidate
location for DG is bus 6 with a loss saving of
92.1751 kW. The optimum size of DG at bus 6 is
2.4886 MW. By assuming 2.4886 MW DG is
connected at bus 6 of base system and is
considered as base case. Now the candidate
location is bus 15with 0.4406 MW size and the
loss saving is 11.4385 KW. This process is
repeated till the loss saving is insignificant. The
results are shown in Table I.
CONCLUSION
In this paper, a two-stage methodology of
finding the optimal locations and sizes of DGs
for maximum loss reduction of radial distribution
systems is presented. Single DG placement
method is proposed to find the optimal DG
locations and ABC algorithm is proposed to find
the optimal DG sizes.
The validity of the proposed method is proved
from the comparison of the results of the
proposed method with other existing methods.
The results proved that the ABC algorithm is
simple in nature than GA and PSO so it takes
less computation time. By installing DGs at all
the potential locations, the total power loss of the
system has been reduced drastically and the
voltage profile of the system is also improved.
Inclusion of the real time constrains such as time
varying loads and different types of DG units
and discrete DG unit sizes into the proposed
algorithm is the future scope of this work.