23-07-2012, 10:57 AM
Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion
Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion.ppt (Size: 4.69 MB / Downloads: 67)
Problem Statement, Mission
Problem Statement:
A clean, renewable energy source that provides baseload power without impacting the environment, regardless of seasonal weather conditions, does not exist for supplying power to African nations.
Mission:
To develop a feasible architecture and business strategy for an Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion system deployed off the African coast.
Project Team Role
Sponsor : Lockheed Martin
Team Role: Research Contractor
Sponsor Focus Areas Tasks:
Feasibility study for possible OTEC site off African continent
Investigation of planning activities required for OTEC deployment
Development of location specific requirements for area
Business/Financial plan for profitability in 30 years
OTEC Description
Oceanic Thermal Energy Conversion
OTEC utilizes the ocean’s 20ºC natural thermal gradient between the warm surface water and the cold deep sea water to drive a Rankine Cycle
OTEC utilizes the world’s largest solar radiation collector - the ocean. The ocean contains enough energy power all of the world’s electrical needs.
Stakeholder Needs Analysis
High Efficiency Components
Utilize Commercial Components
Subsystems powered by system power output
Modular design for power producing systems
Regulations & Standards
Platform Safety:
Maritime Safety (DOT, USCG 46 CFR)
Luminaries (UL 1598A)
Electrical Installations on Shipboard (IEEE P45.1, P45.5)
Designing & Construction of Floating Platforms (API RP 2FB)
Underwater Cabling:
Design & Construction (IEC 60092-350; NAVY OPNAV 11310.3B)
Sheathing (IEC 60092-351, -359)
Installation & Test (IEC 60092-350, -352; IEEE 45 INT 1-2)
Workforce Safety:
Job Hazard Analysis (OSHA 3071)
Workplace First Aid (OSHA 3317)
Hazardous Waste Operations (OSHA 3172)
Occupational Health & Safety (OSHA 29-CFR 1910.1)
Habitation on Offshore Installation (ABS Pub. 105)
Other Considerations
Supplier Qualification
Several key components to be sourced (Water Pump, Turbine, Generator, Heat Exchangers & Power Cabling)
Institution of Preferred Supplier Qualification System
Process/Product control plan to ensure quality components & participation in the auditing of their processes
Suppliers will be empowered - push high standards of quality to 2nd tier suppliers since their company reputation is at stake
Standards Based Procurement - ensure that even the 2nd tier vendors push for quality - end products delivered to the OTEC system have higher reliability
Integrated Logistics Support
Maintainability support for equipment
Support team to handle any questions/issues during program execution, with trained staff to deal with all situational needs
Sponsor Requirements
Location shall be located off the African coast
Humanitarian efforts strengthen US ties with African nations
Sponsor has not conducted in-depth research in this area
Africa is becoming a hot topic in Renewable Resources
Locations shall provide:
At least 20° C temperature difference between surface water and 1000 m deep water
Economic Stability
Political stability (reduces program risk)
Established power infrastructure to I/F with OTEC
Little or no coastal pirating crime
Africa Continent Overview
Over 500M people, yet 75% of landmass uninhabited
Highest birthrate of any continent with population expected to reach 2B by 2050
Fastest growing region on earth – facing most serious problems of food and water
High potential for commercial OTEC plant off western coast
Technical Case
Operational Concept
Scope and Context
Architecture Evaluation
Functional Decomposition
Architecture Development
DoDAF Diagrams
Executable Architecture
Executable Architecture
Leads to significant new insights into the design and operation of the OTEC system
The structure CPN model is directly related to the functionality represented in the architecture
Executable Architecture Results
The executable CPN model provided additional input into the logical flow of the system
System Control function benefited the most from the model
How to can the system be adjusted to maintain optimum performance
How can the system be stopped in the event of an error
Led to additional requirements to perform control functionality
Market Analysis
World Energy Goals
Increase efficiency
Decrease dependence on foreign oil
Clean, Carbon Free Fuels
Renewable sources
Renewable Market Trends
Renewable energy market will grow at 431% in the next 10 years
Oil predictions at 26% and natural gas at 46%.
Investment Strategy
First commercial plant in areas with high $/kWh
Investor may have funds up-front or financing agreement
Installation timing may impact subsystem technology choices
Utilize Patent process, proprietary markings, and legal teaming agreements
Program Risks
16 Risks identified in Risk Register
Each risk has a Risk Mitigation Strategy, Status, Probability, & Overall Risk Importance – calculated as the sum of Schedule, Cost and Performance Impact
Impact Scores are on a scale of ‘0’ (No Impact) to ‘10’ (Extremely High Impact)
OTEC Program Risk R15
OTEC Program Risk Register
Affordability Calculations
Assumptions
100 MW Capacity, 99% Uptime, 30 year Financing at 8%
Power Co. and Investor require 25% of income for internal costs
Sponsor sale price for system affordability: $307M
Growth Potential
Electricity Capacity Expansion
Additional OTEC systems could be installed
Current system could be upgraded to include more power modules
Clean Water System
Use the power created to create clean water
Install an “Open-Cycle” system to create both at once
Alternative Technology Solutions
Geo-OTEC to power Oil Platforms
Renewable Fuels – Ammonia as a Carbon Carrier
Agriculture – Ammonia as a fertilizer
Summary and Conclusions
Consider methods to reduce system cost, consider:
Sell directly to city to remove “middle-man”
Platform cost savings: less-robust design, shorter CWP
Recommend Africa installation after OTEC is ‘proven’ at large scale
Alternative technology approaches increase possible installation area to include colder water regions
Way Forward Recommendations
Meet early and often with environmental policy teams regarding licensing and permits to ensure compliance and a clear path ahead
Begin talks with Nigerian government to express interest in developing OTEC near Lagos; Establish a partnership with power distributor
Verify ocean temperatures & geography; Consider university research