24-01-2013, 03:05 PM
Oil Transportation
Oil Transportation.pptx (Size: 350.16 KB / Downloads: 28)
Crude oil Transport
To carrying oil from oil wells to oil refineries, for the processing of crude oil to Gasoline, Diesel and LPG ..etc.
Rail, Truck, water carriers and pipe lines are the method for transportation. Pipelines are the irreplaceable core of the petroleum transportation system. Without oil pipelines, petroleum products would not reach the billions of consumers in all over world.
Oil pipelines are made from steel or carbon steel or copper alloys with inner diameter typically from ½“ to 2m, in 6-12m of length.
Method of Pipe Manufacturing
To with stand extreme pressure, corrosion and stresses so the design of pipe and manufacturing methods is important.
There are four methods used to produce steel pipe:
Fusion Weld
Electric Resistance Weld (ERW)
Seamless (SMLS)
Submerged Arc Weld (SAW).
Fusion Weld
One process for producing pipe is Fusion Weld, sometimes
called “Continuous Weld” and is produced in sizes 1/8” to
4-1/2”.
Successive coils of steel are welded end-end to form
a continuous ribbon of steel. This fed into a leveler and then into a gas furnace for forming and fusing.
The edges of the skelp are then firmly pressed together by rolls to obtain a forged weld.
Final sizing rolls bring the pipe into its required dimensions.
Electric Resistance Weld
ERW pipe is cold formed. The ribbon is pulled through a series of rollers that gradually form it into a cylindrical tube.
As the edges of the now cylindrical plate come together, an electric charge is applied at the proper points to heat the edges so they can be welded together.
It produces uniform wall thicknesses and outside dimensions and is made in a wide range of specifications.
Seamless
SMLS Pipe is made when steel in a solid, round
cylindrical shape, called a “billet” is heated and then either pushed over a mandrel with a piercing point positioned in the centre of the billet.
This activity produces a hollow tube, then further finished until it becomes the size and wall thickness desired.
Seamless pipe is made in sizes from 1/8” to 26”.
widely used in construction, oil refining, chemical and petro chemical industries.
Standards for oil pipes
Features std for various types of steel pipes specifying requirements for high-temperature services, ordinary use, and special applications such as fire protection systems.
Many std play an important role in the design and production of pipes, forged steel valves, fittings, flanges and unions. These std cover material, product dimension and design, procedure, and safety.
Material std are sponsored by such organizations as the ASTM & AISI..etc by U.S, British and Japan.
Engineering Procurement Companies
EPC means the company is to provide engineering, procurement and construction services by the company.
The EPC develop the infrastructure of the nation.
Larsen & Toubro’s engineering and Construction division (L&T-ECC) , SOMA Enterprises , Megha Engineering India Ltd. (MEIL), GMR Infra Ltd, JSW Ltd, TATA group and Reliance infrastructure and in etc..
The Governments are depending EPC for Nation Development projects