16-09-2016, 09:44 AM
PHARMACOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF SESBANIA GRANDIFLORA LINN IN ALCOHOL WITHDRAWAL SYNDROME IN MICE.
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ABSTRACT: Aim: The aim of present study is to develop an herbal treatment for alcohol withdrawal symptoms with leaf extract of Sesbania graniflora Linn.
Objective: Alcohol consumption is a social, economical, psychological and serious health problems associated with alcoholism may lead to development of depressive disorders. The alcohol withdrawal syndrome is a group of symptoms observed in persons who stop consumption of alcohol. Milder forms of the syndrome include tremulousness, seizures, and mental confusion. In chronic alcoholism associated with delirium tremens, involves mental confusion, hallucinations, and affect the autonomic nervous system over activity.
Methods: The induced alcohol dependence in mice by the administration of oral dose of ethanol (2g/Kg) 10% v/v once a daily for seven days alcohol withdrawel syndrome are evaluated by of both locomotor activity using and anti depression to compare with controlgroups.
Results: The phytochemical screening of the metanolic extract of Sesbania grandiflora Linn revealed that presence of phytoSteroids, Tannins, Flavonoids, Carbohydrates, Saponins and Amino acids. Evaluation of locomotor activity of Sesbania grandiflora Linn extract (100 and 200 mg/kg) and imipramine (15mg/kg)were studied by observing its effect on actophotometer This exhibited slight increase in locomotor activity when compared with the positive control animals that received ethanol. Sesbaniya graniflora Linn extract 100 and 200 mg/kg, p.o. produced significant reduction in the immobility period when compared with that of positive control group animals that received only ethanol.
Conclusion:
Showing significant effect on alcohol withdrawal symptoms by
Key Words: Sesbania grandiflora Linn, Alcohol withdrawal syndrome, locomotor activity, Antidepressant activity
INTRODUCTION
Alcohol withdrawal is the when a person suddenly stops drinking after a chronic consumption of alcohol use. Alcohol has a slowing effect on the central nervous system and over time, the brain adjusts its own chemistry to compensate for the effect of the alcohol. The alcohol withdrawal affects the autonomic nervous system leads to hyperactivity, seizures, mental confusion with Anxiety and followed by depression. Depressive symptoms observed in patients who are intoxicated or undergoing alcohol detoxification. As many as 17% of alcoholics are at the risk for death by suicide
Alcohol dependence patients were seen often by physicians, occurring in 10% to 20% of primary care and hospitalized patients. The social, economical, psychological and physical problems associated with alcoholism may lead to the development of depressive disorders. This finding may be attributable to the release of behavioral changes and associated with alcohol intoxication or with the depressive feeling state. Anxiety and depression and mental confusion also thought to the most important negative impact of revert to the alcohol use The CNS depressant like barbiturates and alcohol reduce the motor activity in other words, the locomotor activity can be an index of wakefulness of mental activity.
The aims of detoxification or treatments are to give safe withdrawal from alcohol and enable the patient to become alcohol free. Prepare the patient for ongoing treatment for their dependence on alcohol. The aim of this study is to evaluation behavioral change specially CNS depression after inducing Ethanol to mice and evaluation of sesbania grandiflora Linn (Family: Fabaceae) is an indigenous medicine in India, It is also known as “Agati Sesban” or “humming bird tree” in English. sesbania grandiflora Linn is a small tree that grows up to 8-15 m tall and 25-30 cm in diameter. Plants have been used for food substance human because of its health benefits Ethno botanical study suggests its use in headache, swellings, anemia, bronchitis, pains, liver disorders and tumors. Traditionally, its fruits are used for anemia, bronchitis, fever and tumors. Experimentally, it exhibits significant antioxidant effect against alcohol and polyunsaturated fatty acid-induced oxidative stress models in experimental animals.
MATERIALS AND METHODS:
Plant material:
Fresh leaves collected from gingee villupuram dist tamil nadu and authentificated by Dr.A.Balasubramanian. ABS botanical garden yercaud the herbarium was submitted to department of pharmacognogy for further reference.
Extraction:
The fresh leaves are shade dried, with help of dry mechanical grinder, size separation done by passing sieve number 60 and separated coarse powder. The powdered leaves were packed soxhlet apparatus extracted by using continuous hot percolation method by gradient elution technique. The extracts were evaporated to dryness and perform phytochemical screenings were performed.
Animals:
Female Swiss albino mice weighing 20-25g were used for toxicity study. Albino wistar rats of male sex weighing 200-250g were used for pharmacological study. They were housed in standard environment condition are maintain and fed with standard rodent diet with water and ad libitum. Ethical clearance for the animal study was obtained from Institutional Animal Ethical Committee (09MP03AUG2009) of CPCSEA (887/ac/CPCSEA).
Chemicals
Drugs and Chemicals Imipramine hydrochloride (Nicholas Piramal India Ltd) and Ethanol (95%v/v) were procured from Merck Ltd (India), Mumbai. All drugs were dissolved in distilled water and administered either intraperitoneally (i.p.) or orally (p.o.). Distilled water was used as the vehicle
Toxicity Study:
An acute oral toxicity study was performed under guidelines of OECD 423. By Acute toxic class method female Swiss albino mice of about weighing 20-25gms were used for the study. Acute toxic class method is a stepwise procedure per step three animals each. based on mortality or morbidity status of the animals. Average 2-4 steps may be necessary to allow judgement on the acute toxicity of the substance. Three animals were used for each step. The animals were placed individually and observed for any sign of toxicity, morbidity or mortality during the first 24hrs, with special given attention during the first 4 hours and daily for total of 14 days.
EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN
Alcohol withdrawal syndrome Evaluated by locomotor activity and CNS depressant activity methods The induced alcohol dependence in mice by the administration of oral dose of ethanol (2g/Kg) 10% v/v once a daily for seven days. The animals were then withdrawn from alcohol. The spontaneous locomotor activity of each rat was measured individually for 10 min using an actophotometer. The movement of the animal cuts off a beam of light falling on the photo cell, and the count recorded digitally. Overnight fasting normal rats were divided into five groups each groups having six animals (n=6).
Group I: Received as normal control received water as vehicle.
Group II: Received as positive control received 10% v/v alcohol only.
Group III: Received Imipramine (15mg kg-1 p.o.)
Group IV: a Received as 100 mg kg/1 methanolic extract of Sesbania grandiflora Linn.
Group V: Received as 200 mg kg/1 methanolic extract of Sesbania grandiflora Linn.
Forced swim test (FST)
The development depression when the rats are placed in an inescapable glass cylinder filled with water at maintains 25ᵒC reflects the cessation of persistent escape-directed behavior. The cylindrical container (diameter 10 cm, height 25 cm) was filled to a 19-cm depth. Duration of immobility during the 6-min test animals was scored. Each rat was determined to be immobile when it ceased struggling and remained floating motionless in the water, making only those movements of animals were necessary to keep its head above water.
RESULTS
The phytochemical screening of the metanolic extract of Sesbania grandiflora Linn revealed that presence of phytosteroids, tannins, flavonoids, carbohydrates, saponins, and amino acids . (table no 1). Evaluation of locomotor activity of Sesbania grandiflora Linn extract (100 and 200 mg/kg) and imipramine (15mg/kg)were studied by observing its effect on actophotometer This exhibited slight increase in locomotor activity when compared with the positive control animals that received ethanol. But the results were not much significant statistically. The (100 mg/kg only, p.o.) and imipramine-treated group exhibited statistically significant *P < 0.01,with control were considered as significance increase in locomotor activity. When compared with the positive control group animals that received the ethanol