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1. Abstract—
Machines are designed for improving the productivity as well as performance. Now a day’s world is moving towards rapid growth with advancement in mechanization. In today’s industrial world, Pneumatic system play a vital role, it is actually an arrangement of different elements in order to regulate, direct, sense and command itself to achieve the desired result.
In Pneumatic system working media is fluid power. The term fluid power related to the employment of fluid media under control conditions to perform some useful work.
Fluid power in industries has been important in the development of automatic machinery and equipments for the use in industrial plants. The fluid media for power transmission has many advantages over the media of power transmission.
By considering all these factor we try to make special typ Of pneumatically operated three directional dumper for easy handling in and direction.
Our main project is three axis pneumatic modern trailer works on the principles of pneumatic mechanism along with micro controllers. In this project the efficiency of dumping trailers will increase. The unloading of materials can be done to the three directions. This is very useful in the shipping industry. We are choosing this project for the decreasing the man power and time. The combination of pneumatics and micro controllers can be seen in our project. We have chosen this project because of the various attractiveness of pneumatics. Key words: Pneumatics, reciprocating compressor, valves, pistons.
I. Introduction
A dumper is a vehicle designed for carrying bulk material, often on building sites. Dumpers are distinguished from dump trucks by configuration: a dumper is usually an open 4-wheeled vehicle with the load skip in front of the driver, while a dump truck has its cab in front of the load. The skip can tip to dump the load; this is where the name "dumper" comes from. They are normally diesel powered.
Early dumpers had a payload of about a ton and were 2-wheel drive, driving on the front axle and steered at the back wheels. Modern dumpers have payloads of up to 10 tones (11 short tons; 9.8 long tons) and usually steer by articulating at the middle of the chassis (pivot steering). They have multi-cylinder diesel engines, some turbocharged, electric start and hydraulics for tipping and steering and are more expensive to make and operate. An A-frame known as a ROPS (Roll-Over Protection) frame may be fitted over the seat to protect the driver if the dumper rolls over. Some dumpers have FOPS (Falling Object Protection) as well.
A dumper is an integral part of any construction work and hence its role is important for completion of any constructional site. One of the problem are cited with dumper in the time and energy for setting the huge dumper in the proper direction to dump the material in it carrying and hence the need of the project work riser which is about 3 way dropping dumper which can dump the material in any direction except the front one without moving the truck in any direction.
A dump truck (or, UK, dumper truck) is a truck used for transporting loose material (such as sand, gravel, or dirt) for construction. A typical dump truck is equipped with a hydraulically operated open-box bed hinged at the rear, the front of which can be lifted up to allow the contents to be deposited on the ground behind the truck at the site of delivery. In the UK and Australia the term applies to off-road construction plant only, and the road vehicle is known as a tipper, tipper lorry (UK) or tip truck (AU)..
2. Pneumatic Three Axis Modern Dumper
Pneumatic Three Axis Modern Traileris nothing but one of the Lifting system in automobile at the time of emergency. In this Lifting system pneumatically operated one. Here the additional pneumatic cylinder and Control Valve is provided in the automobile itself.In this project, the Control Valve is used to activate/deactivate the Air input. The Valve is „ON‟ at the time of emergency; the compressed air goes to the pneumatic cylinder. Then the compressed air passes through the tube, and then pushes the pneumatic cylinder, so that the Lifting is applied at the time of Valve in “ON” position (i.e.-Emergency time). The speed of the pneumatic cylinder is varied by using flow control valve. This is the way of controlling Lifting speed of the Trailer at the time of emergency. In our project, we have to apply this Pneumatic Modern Trailer Mechanism in Load Lifting Vehicles. The Control Valve is fixed in near of the driving persons in the four wheeler. The air tank contains the compressed air already filled. The Valve was ON at the time of emergency, the Control Valve was activated. The compressed air flow is controlled by the valve is called “FLOW CONTROL VALVE”. This air flow is already set. Then the compressed air goes to the pneumatic cylinders. The pneumatic cylinders piston moves forward at the time of compressed air inlet to the cylinder. The pneumatic cylinders moves towards the Lifting arrangement. AdvantagesLifting cost will be less. Free from wear adjustment. Less power consumption Less skill technicians is sufficient to operate. Installation is simplified very much.
3. LITERATURE SURVEY
1. International Journal of Occupational Safety
and Ergonomics
Publication details, including instructions for authors and subscription
information:
Hazard Awareness of Construction Site Dumper
Drivers
Jonathan Bohma & Don Harrisb
a Health and Safety Executive, UK
b HFI Solutions, UK
Published online: 08 Jan 2015.
A dumper is an integral part of any construction work and hence its role is important for completion of any constructional site. One of the problem are cited with dumper in the time and energy for setting the huge dumper in the proper direction to dump the material it in carrying and hence the need of the project work riser which is about 3 way dropping dumper which can dump the material in any direction except the rental one without moving the truck in any direction.
A dump truck (or, UK, dumper truck) is a truck used for transporting loose material (such as sand, gravel, or dirt) for construction. A typical dump truck is equipped with a hydraulically operated open-box bed hinged at the rear, the front of which can be lifted up to allow the contents to be deposited on the ground behind the truck at the site of delivery. In the UK and Australia the term applies to off-road construction plant only, and the road vehicle is known as a tipper, tipper lorry (UK) or tip truck.
2. Volvo Construction Equipment
Dumpers from Volvo: Hauling heavy profits by the truck load.
Volvo Construction Equipment developed the dumpers concept. And around the globe, we’re still the undisputed leader of dumper truck hauling in the most demanding conditions, terrain and applications. From quarrying, mining and tunneling to earthmoving, material handling and waste handling, Volvo dumper trucks get your hauler truck jobs done, every day.
International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering (ISSN 2250-2459, ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal, Volume 4, Issue 9, September 2014)
3. Design and Development of 3-Way Dropping Dumper by Ganesh Shinde.
Modern 3 ways dropping dumper’ has been conceived by observing the difficulty in unloading the materials.
The survey in this regards in several automobile garages, revealed the facts that mostly some difficult methods were adopted in unloading the materials from the trailer. This paper has mainly focused on above difficulty.
Hence a prototype of suitable arrangement has been designed. The vehicles can be unloaded from the trailer in three axes without application of any impact force.
The Direction control valve which activates the ram of the hydraulic cylinder which lifting the trailer cabin in require side. Further modifications and working limitations will put this work in the main league of use. This concept saves time & energy which leads to efficient working.
4. II. MAJOR PARTS
The major parts pneumatic three axis modern tipper is described below:
• Air compressor
• Direction Control Valve
• Cylinder
• Connecting hoses
• Flow control valve
• Bearing with bearing cap
• Wheel arrangement
• Vehicle model frame
• Rotating Plates
Air compressor: The main function of the air compressor is to compress the air up to the required pressure. The maximum capacity of the compressor is 10105 to 12 105 N/m2. This is a two stages or two-cylinder reciprocating air compressor. The two cylinders are for low and high compression. The air pressure is measured at various places by the use of pressure gauges. V-belt and pulley are used to drive the compressor. Compressors can be broadly classifieds into two groups. They are:
Positive Displacement Compressor
Dynamic Compressor
Positive Displacement Compressor: Successive volumes of air isolated and then compressed to a higher pressure. There are essential two forms of positive displacement compressor, reciprocating and rotary.
Dynamic Compressors: These are rotary continuous machines in which a high speed rotating element accelerates the air and converts the resulting velocity head into pressure. Positive displacement compressors work on the principle of increasing the pressure of a definite volume in an enclosed chamber. Dynamic (turbo) compressor employs rotating vanes or impellers to impart velocity and pressure to the flow of the air being handled. The pressure comes from the dynamic effects such as centrifugal force.
Pressure Gauge: Pressure gauge is used for measuring the outlet pressure of air from the compressor. The gauge used is Bourdon type pressure gauge. The maximum capacity of this gauge is 10 105 to 12 105 N/m2. The gauge is fitted at the outlet of the air compressor
Pneumatic valves: The pneumatic cylinder is regulated and controlled by pneumatic valves. These valves are actuated manually, mechanically, electrically, pneumatically, and by various combined mode of actuation.