27-09-2012, 11:31 AM
PROGRAMMING TOOL
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MAKE:
In software development, Make is a utility that automatically builds executable programs and libraries from source code by reading files called makefiles which specify how to derive the target program. Make can decide where to start through topological sorting. Though integrated development environments and language-specific compiler features can also be used to manage the build process in modern systems, Make remains widely used, especially in Unix.
Make is typically used to build executable programs and libraries from source code. Generally though, any process that involves transforming a source file to a target result (by executing arbitrary commands) is applicable to Make. Make is invoked with a list of target file names to build as command-line arguments.
LEX:
Lex is a computer program that generates lexical analyzers ("scanners" or "lexers").
Lex is commonly used with the yacc parser generator. Lex reads an input stream specifying the lexical analyzer and outputs source code implementing the lexer in the C programming language.
grep:
grep is a command-line text-search utility originally written for Unix. The name comes from the ed command g/re/p (global / regular expression / print). The grep command searches files or standard input globally for lines matching a given regular expression, and prints the lines to the program's standard output.
This is an example of a common usage of grep:
grep apple fruitlist.txt
In this case, grep prints all lines containing the sequence of characters apple from the file fruitlist.txt; therefore lines containing pineapple orapples are also printed. The pattern specified as a grep argument is case sensitive by default, so this example's output does not include lines containing Apple (with a capital A) unless they also contain apple.
GDB:
The GNU Debugger, usually called just GDB and named gdb as an executable file, is the standard debugger for the GNU software system. It is a portable debugger that runs on many Unix-like systems and works for many programming languages, including Ada, C,C++, Objective-C, Free Pascal, Fortran, Java and partially others. GDB offers extensive facilities for tracing and altering the execution of computer programs. The user can monitor and modify the values of programs' internal variables, and even call functions independently of the program's normal behavior.
AWK:
The AWK utility is a data extraction and reporting tool that uses a data-driven scripting language consisting of a set of actions to be taken against textual data (either in files or data streams) for the purpose of producing formatted reports. The language used by awk extensively uses the string datatype, associative arrays (that is, arrays indexed by key strings), and regular expressions.
AWK is one of the early tools to appear in Version 7 Unix and gained popularity as a way to add computational features to a Unix pipeline. A version of the AWK language is a standard feature of nearly every modern Unix-like operating system available today. AWK is mentioned in the Single UNIX Specification as one of the mandatory utilities of a Unix operating system. Besides the Bourne shell, AWK is the only other scripting language available in a standard Unix environment.
AWK is a language for processing files of text. A file is treated as a sequence of records, and by default each line is a record. Each line is broken up into a sequence of fields, so we can think of the first word in a line as the first field, the second word as the second field, and so on. An AWK program is of a sequence of pattern-action statements. AWK reads the input a line at a time. A line is scanned for each pattern in the program, and for each pattern that matches, the associated action is executed